1 00:00:26,402 --> 00:00:28,446 [rain pattering] 2 00:00:55,973 --> 00:00:58,434 [rhythmic thudding] 3 00:01:03,689 --> 00:01:05,733 [thudding intensifies] 4 00:01:14,283 --> 00:01:16,410 -[thudding stops] -[sighs] 5 00:01:18,663 --> 00:01:19,914 [chairman] Dr. Oppenheimer. 6 00:01:21,624 --> 00:01:22,833 Dr. Oppenheimer. 7 00:01:24,293 --> 00:01:27,838 As we begin, I believe you have a statement to read into the record. 8 00:01:29,507 --> 00:01:30,925 Yes, Your Honor. 9 00:01:31,008 --> 00:01:33,219 [board member] We're not judges, Doctor. 10 00:01:33,302 --> 00:01:34,971 No. 11 00:01:35,054 --> 00:01:36,264 [quietly] Of course. 12 00:01:41,811 --> 00:01:43,854 Members of the security board. 13 00:01:44,814 --> 00:01:48,484 The so-called and derogatory information in your indictment of me 14 00:01:48,567 --> 00:01:50,152 cannot be fairly understood, 15 00:01:50,236 --> 00:01:53,698 except in the context of my life and my work. 16 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,242 [Senate aide] How long did he testify? 17 00:01:57,034 --> 00:01:58,786 Honestly, I forget. 18 00:02:00,246 --> 00:02:02,164 The whole hearing took a month. 19 00:02:02,248 --> 00:02:03,457 An ordeal. 20 00:02:03,541 --> 00:02:06,544 I've only read the transcripts, but... [clears throat] 21 00:02:08,337 --> 00:02:10,089 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 22 00:02:10,172 --> 00:02:12,800 -You weren't there? -As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be. 23 00:02:12,883 --> 00:02:15,011 Are they really going to ask about it? 24 00:02:15,511 --> 00:02:17,221 It was years ago. 25 00:02:17,305 --> 00:02:18,889 -Four years ago. [chuckles] -Five. 26 00:02:19,932 --> 00:02:21,559 Oppenheimer still divides America. 27 00:02:21,642 --> 00:02:23,936 The committee is gonna want to know where you stood. 28 00:02:24,687 --> 00:02:28,316 Senator Thurmond asked me to say not to feel that you're on trial. 29 00:02:28,399 --> 00:02:31,402 Aw. Funny, I didn't till you just said that. 30 00:02:31,485 --> 00:02:32,570 Really, Mr. Strauss-- 31 00:02:32,653 --> 00:02:33,738 It's Admiral. 32 00:02:34,322 --> 00:02:36,532 Admiral Strauss. This is a formality. 33 00:02:36,615 --> 00:02:38,826 President Eisenhower has asked you to be in his cabinet. 34 00:02:38,909 --> 00:02:40,661 Senate really has no choice but to confirm you. 35 00:02:40,745 --> 00:02:43,080 And if they bring up Oppenheimer? 36 00:02:43,164 --> 00:02:45,499 When they bring up Oppenheimer, you answer honestly. 37 00:02:45,583 --> 00:02:47,793 No senator can deny you did your duty. 38 00:02:47,877 --> 00:02:49,670 It'll be uncomfortable. [chuckles] 39 00:02:50,254 --> 00:02:52,214 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 40 00:02:52,298 --> 00:02:54,300 [loud chattering] 41 00:02:55,926 --> 00:02:57,178 [shutter clicks] 42 00:02:57,261 --> 00:03:00,056 [prosecutor] Why did you leave the United States? 43 00:03:01,807 --> 00:03:05,353 I, uh, wanted to study the new physics. 44 00:03:05,436 --> 00:03:06,896 [chairman] Was there nowhere here? 45 00:03:07,605 --> 00:03:10,733 I thought Berkeley had the leading theoretical physics department. 46 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:13,402 Yes. Once I had built it. 47 00:03:13,486 --> 00:03:15,029 But first I had to go to Europe. 48 00:03:15,112 --> 00:03:18,449 I went to Cambridge to study under Patrick Blackett. 49 00:03:18,532 --> 00:03:20,910 Were you happier there than in America? 50 00:03:21,577 --> 00:03:23,120 -Happier? -Yes. 51 00:03:27,083 --> 00:03:28,751 No. 52 00:03:28,834 --> 00:03:30,002 No, I, uh... 53 00:03:33,089 --> 00:03:34,757 I was homesick, um, 54 00:03:35,883 --> 00:03:37,718 emotionally immature, 55 00:03:38,677 --> 00:03:44,100 troubled by visions of a hidden universe. 56 00:03:48,145 --> 00:03:50,022 [energy pulsing] 57 00:03:55,820 --> 00:03:56,862 Useless in the lab. 58 00:03:56,946 --> 00:03:58,572 [glass shattering] 59 00:04:02,076 --> 00:04:04,036 Christ, Oppenheimer. 60 00:04:04,620 --> 00:04:06,163 Have you had any sleep? 61 00:04:07,998 --> 00:04:09,291 Start again. 62 00:04:09,917 --> 00:04:11,585 I need to go to the lecture, sir. 63 00:04:12,211 --> 00:04:13,212 Why? 64 00:04:13,796 --> 00:04:15,089 It's Niels Bohr. 65 00:04:18,092 --> 00:04:19,218 I'd completely forgot. 66 00:04:20,219 --> 00:04:22,263 All right. [clears throat] Let's go. 67 00:04:24,557 --> 00:04:27,351 Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer. You finish coating those plates. 68 00:04:27,435 --> 00:04:28,978 [students chattering, laughing] 69 00:05:02,136 --> 00:05:03,929 [cupboard door closes] 70 00:05:07,975 --> 00:05:11,812 [Bohr] Quantum physics is not a step forward. 71 00:05:11,896 --> 00:05:15,691 It is a new way to understand reality. 72 00:05:15,774 --> 00:05:17,568 Einstein's opened the door. 73 00:05:17,651 --> 00:05:21,906 Now we are peering through, seeing a world inside our world. 74 00:05:21,989 --> 00:05:27,244 A world of energy and paradox that not everyone can accept. 75 00:05:35,711 --> 00:05:37,296 [energy pulsing] 76 00:05:57,942 --> 00:05:59,401 [bell tolling] 77 00:06:03,656 --> 00:06:05,449 [students chattering] 78 00:06:09,954 --> 00:06:12,122 -Yeah-- Are you all right? -[breathing heavily] 79 00:06:13,123 --> 00:06:15,334 Niels, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer. 80 00:06:15,918 --> 00:06:17,503 What's the J stand for? 81 00:06:17,586 --> 00:06:18,921 Nothing, apparently. 82 00:06:19,004 --> 00:06:21,507 You were at my lecture. You asked the only good question. 83 00:06:21,590 --> 00:06:23,175 [Blackett] No one's denying his insight. 84 00:06:23,259 --> 00:06:25,553 It's his laboratory work that leaves a little to be desired. 85 00:06:26,637 --> 00:06:27,888 I heard you give the same lectu-- 86 00:06:27,972 --> 00:06:30,474 At Harvard, yes, and you asked the same question. 87 00:06:30,558 --> 00:06:31,642 Why ask again? 88 00:06:31,725 --> 00:06:32,977 Hadn't liked your answer. 89 00:06:34,562 --> 00:06:36,230 Did you like it better yesterday? 90 00:06:36,313 --> 00:06:37,356 A lot. 91 00:06:37,439 --> 00:06:41,944 You can lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed. 92 00:06:42,027 --> 00:06:44,154 Now it seems you're ready. 93 00:06:44,238 --> 00:06:45,698 But you don't enjoy the lab? 94 00:06:46,782 --> 00:06:49,493 So get out of Cambridge with its beakers and potions. 95 00:06:49,577 --> 00:06:52,204 Go somewhere they'll let you think. 96 00:06:53,205 --> 00:06:54,290 [whispers] Where? 97 00:06:55,749 --> 00:06:56,750 Göttingen. 98 00:06:56,834 --> 00:06:58,711 -Born. -Born. 99 00:06:58,794 --> 00:07:00,504 Get to Germany. Study under Max Born. 100 00:07:00,588 --> 00:07:03,132 Learn the ways of theory. 101 00:07:03,215 --> 00:07:04,258 I'll send word. 102 00:07:05,467 --> 00:07:07,136 -Wormhole. -[apple clatters] 103 00:07:08,887 --> 00:07:09,930 How's your mathematics? 104 00:07:10,014 --> 00:07:12,016 Not good enough for the physicist he wants to be. 105 00:07:12,099 --> 00:07:14,351 Algebra's like sheet music. 106 00:07:14,435 --> 00:07:16,604 The important thing isn't "can you read music?" 107 00:07:16,687 --> 00:07:18,188 It's "can you hear it?" 108 00:07:18,272 --> 00:07:20,608 Can you hear the music, Robert? 109 00:07:21,859 --> 00:07:22,860 Yes, I can. 110 00:07:48,761 --> 00:07:50,054 [no audible dialogue] 111 00:08:40,396 --> 00:08:42,314 [rumbling] 112 00:08:42,398 --> 00:08:45,609 [rhythmic thudding] 113 00:08:59,248 --> 00:09:00,791 The senator from Wyoming. 114 00:09:01,834 --> 00:09:02,918 Admiral Strauss, 115 00:09:03,001 --> 00:09:06,422 I'm interested in your relationship with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 116 00:09:06,505 --> 00:09:08,215 You met him in 1947? 117 00:09:08,757 --> 00:09:09,758 Correct. 118 00:09:10,509 --> 00:09:13,053 You were commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission? 119 00:09:13,137 --> 00:09:18,267 I was, but I actually met Robert in my capacity as board member 120 00:09:18,350 --> 00:09:20,728 of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, 121 00:09:20,811 --> 00:09:23,772 because after the war he was world renowned 122 00:09:23,856 --> 00:09:25,065 as the great man of physics, 123 00:09:25,149 --> 00:09:29,319 and I was determined to get him to run the Institute. 124 00:09:39,121 --> 00:09:41,790 Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor. 125 00:09:41,874 --> 00:09:42,958 Mr. Strauss. 126 00:09:43,041 --> 00:09:45,252 It's pronounced "straws." 127 00:09:45,335 --> 00:09:46,795 Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer. 128 00:09:46,879 --> 00:09:48,630 Whatever way you say it, they know I'm Jewish. 129 00:09:48,714 --> 00:09:49,882 [chuckles] 130 00:09:49,965 --> 00:09:52,885 I'm president of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan. 131 00:09:52,968 --> 00:09:55,554 "Straws" is just the Southern pronunciation. 132 00:09:55,637 --> 00:09:57,723 Anyway, welcome to the Institute. 133 00:09:57,806 --> 00:09:59,391 I think you could be very happy here. 134 00:09:59,475 --> 00:10:01,518 Yes, well, you'll love the commute. 135 00:10:01,602 --> 00:10:04,146 The position comes with that house for you and your wife, 136 00:10:04,229 --> 00:10:06,106 and your-- Is it two children? 137 00:10:06,190 --> 00:10:07,191 Yes, two. 138 00:10:07,775 --> 00:10:10,152 I'm a great admirer of your work. 139 00:10:10,235 --> 00:10:12,529 And you're a physicist by training, Mr. Strauss? 140 00:10:12,613 --> 00:10:14,698 I'm sorry, common room, four o'clock tea. 141 00:10:14,782 --> 00:10:17,493 No, I'm not trained in physics or anything else. 142 00:10:17,576 --> 00:10:18,619 I'm a self-made man. 143 00:10:18,702 --> 00:10:21,205 -Ah. I can relate to that. -Really? 144 00:10:21,288 --> 00:10:23,081 Yes, my father was one. 145 00:10:24,416 --> 00:10:26,960 And this would be your office. 146 00:10:32,549 --> 00:10:33,926 [birds chirping] 147 00:10:36,470 --> 00:10:38,347 I'm told he's there most afternoons. 148 00:10:38,972 --> 00:10:40,557 You know, I've always wondered 149 00:10:40,641 --> 00:10:43,602 why you didn't involve him in the Manhattan Project. 150 00:10:45,938 --> 00:10:48,106 Greatest scientific mind of our time. 151 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:49,316 Of his time. 152 00:10:50,234 --> 00:10:52,277 Einstein published his Theory of Relativity 153 00:10:52,361 --> 00:10:54,988 more than 40 years ago now. 154 00:10:56,114 --> 00:10:58,659 But never embraced the quantum world it revealed. 155 00:10:58,742 --> 00:11:00,160 "God doesn't play dice.' 156 00:11:00,911 --> 00:11:02,287 Precisely. 157 00:11:02,371 --> 00:11:05,082 You never thought of studying physics formally, Mr. Strauss? 158 00:11:05,165 --> 00:11:07,793 I had offers, but I chose to sell shoes. 159 00:11:07,876 --> 00:11:10,712 Lewis Strauss was once a lowly shoe salesman. 160 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:13,841 No, just a shoe salesman. 161 00:11:13,924 --> 00:11:15,175 [chuckles] 162 00:11:17,469 --> 00:11:19,221 I'd love to introduce you. 163 00:11:19,304 --> 00:11:20,430 No need. 164 00:11:21,139 --> 00:11:22,724 I have known him for years. 165 00:11:44,580 --> 00:11:45,497 Albert. 166 00:11:50,210 --> 00:11:51,128 What was that? 167 00:11:52,129 --> 00:11:54,172 What did you say to him? 168 00:11:56,425 --> 00:11:57,676 Oh, he's fine. 169 00:11:59,678 --> 00:12:04,308 Mr. Strauss, there are things in my past you ought to be aware of. 170 00:12:04,391 --> 00:12:07,686 Well, as chairman of the AEC, I have access to your security file. 171 00:12:07,769 --> 00:12:08,770 I've read it. 172 00:12:08,854 --> 00:12:10,397 -You're not worried? -No. 173 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:12,733 Why would I be worried after everything you've done for your country? 174 00:12:12,816 --> 00:12:14,776 Well, times change, Mr. Strauss. 175 00:12:14,860 --> 00:12:16,820 Well, the purpose of this institute 176 00:12:16,904 --> 00:12:19,197 is to provide a haven for independent minds. 177 00:12:20,157 --> 00:12:21,408 That's you. 178 00:12:21,491 --> 00:12:23,285 You are the man for the job. 179 00:12:23,869 --> 00:12:25,871 Well, then I'll consider it. 180 00:12:25,954 --> 00:12:28,040 I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow. 181 00:12:31,335 --> 00:12:32,753 [scoffs] 182 00:12:32,836 --> 00:12:35,422 This is one of the most prestigious appointments in the country. 183 00:12:35,505 --> 00:12:37,633 Yes, with a great commute. 184 00:12:38,258 --> 00:12:39,760 That's why I'm considering it. 185 00:12:41,219 --> 00:12:44,973 [McGee] So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought your attention to his past associations 186 00:12:45,057 --> 00:12:46,475 before you appointed him? 187 00:12:46,558 --> 00:12:49,269 -Yes. -And they didn't concern you? 188 00:12:49,353 --> 00:12:52,940 Just then I was entirely consumed with what he must have said to Einstein 189 00:12:53,023 --> 00:12:55,692 -to sour him on me. -[gallery laughing] 190 00:12:58,195 --> 00:12:59,196 But later? 191 00:12:59,279 --> 00:13:01,740 Well, we all know what happened later. 192 00:13:01,823 --> 00:13:03,784 [prosecutor] Doctor, your time in Europe, 193 00:13:03,867 --> 00:13:06,912 you seemed to meet with a wide range of other countries' physicists. 194 00:13:06,995 --> 00:13:07,996 Yes, that's right. 195 00:13:08,080 --> 00:13:09,373 Any Russians? 196 00:13:11,249 --> 00:13:12,376 None that spring to mind. 197 00:13:12,459 --> 00:13:14,962 If you'll just allow me to continue with my statement-- 198 00:13:15,045 --> 00:13:18,465 Mr. Robb, you'll have ample opportunity to cross-examine. 199 00:13:21,259 --> 00:13:24,388 After Göttingen, I moved on to Leiden in Holland, 200 00:13:24,471 --> 00:13:26,390 where I first met Isidor Rabi. 201 00:13:27,057 --> 00:13:28,558 [Rabi clears throat] Excuse me. 202 00:13:33,397 --> 00:13:35,691 A Yank, lecturing on the new physics? 203 00:13:35,774 --> 00:13:36,775 This I have to hear. 204 00:13:36,858 --> 00:13:38,944 I'm an American myself. 205 00:13:39,027 --> 00:13:40,153 How surprising. 206 00:13:41,321 --> 00:13:43,740 Let me know if you need any help with the English. 207 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:47,869 [students laughing] 208 00:13:50,831 --> 00:13:53,208 [speaking Dutch] 209 00:13:57,796 --> 00:13:59,172 Wait, what's he saying? 210 00:14:10,559 --> 00:14:11,560 No, thank you. 211 00:14:11,643 --> 00:14:13,478 It's a long way to Zurich. 212 00:14:13,562 --> 00:14:16,106 You get any skinnier, we're gonna lose you between the seat cushions. 213 00:14:16,940 --> 00:14:17,983 I'm Rabi. 214 00:14:18,066 --> 00:14:19,359 Oppenheimer. 215 00:14:19,443 --> 00:14:21,403 I caught your lecture on molecules. 216 00:14:21,486 --> 00:14:22,696 Caught some of it. 217 00:14:23,488 --> 00:14:25,907 We're a couple of New York Jews. How do you know Dutch? 218 00:14:25,991 --> 00:14:28,869 Well, I thought I'd better learn it when I got here this semester. 219 00:14:28,952 --> 00:14:32,164 You learned enough Dutch in six weeks to give a lecture on quantum mechanics? 220 00:14:32,247 --> 00:14:33,707 Wanted to challenge myself. 221 00:14:33,790 --> 00:14:36,084 Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough. 222 00:14:36,168 --> 00:14:37,753 -Schvitzer. -Schvitzer? 223 00:14:37,836 --> 00:14:39,337 -Show-off. -[chuckles] 224 00:14:39,421 --> 00:14:41,631 Dutch in six weeks, but you never learned Yiddish? 225 00:14:41,715 --> 00:14:43,675 They don't speak it so much my side of the park. 226 00:14:43,759 --> 00:14:45,177 Screw you. 227 00:14:46,386 --> 00:14:48,764 -You homesick? -Oh, you know it. 228 00:14:49,765 --> 00:14:52,768 Ever get the feeling our kind isn't entirely welcome here? 229 00:14:52,851 --> 00:14:53,852 Physicists? 230 00:14:54,478 --> 00:14:55,395 That's funny. 231 00:14:55,479 --> 00:14:57,022 Not in the department. 232 00:14:57,606 --> 00:14:58,774 They're all Jewish too. 233 00:15:00,984 --> 00:15:01,985 Eat. 234 00:15:04,821 --> 00:15:06,823 There's a German you have to seek out. 235 00:15:07,741 --> 00:15:09,451 -Heisenberg. -Right. 236 00:15:12,412 --> 00:15:14,247 [Heisenberg speaking German] 237 00:15:19,586 --> 00:15:23,590 One might be led to the presumption that behind the quantum world, 238 00:15:23,673 --> 00:15:27,469 there still hides a real world in which causality holds, 239 00:15:27,552 --> 00:15:31,890 but such speculations seem to us, to say it explicitly, fruitless. 240 00:15:31,973 --> 00:15:33,850 Thank you. Have a great day. 241 00:15:38,271 --> 00:15:40,398 -Werner. Wonderful. -Thank you. 242 00:15:40,482 --> 00:15:42,234 Dr. Oppenheimer. 243 00:15:42,317 --> 00:15:46,029 Oppenheimer, yes. I liked your paper on molecules. 244 00:15:46,113 --> 00:15:47,531 Probably because you inspired it. 245 00:15:47,614 --> 00:15:50,242 If I inspire anything else, let me know. We could publish together. 246 00:15:50,325 --> 00:15:51,952 I have to get back to America. 247 00:15:52,035 --> 00:15:53,078 Why? 248 00:15:53,161 --> 00:15:55,956 There's no one there taking quantum mechanics seriously. 249 00:15:56,039 --> 00:15:57,624 That's exactly why. 250 00:15:57,707 --> 00:16:00,127 He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan. 251 00:16:00,210 --> 00:16:02,504 Canyons of New Mexico. 252 00:16:02,587 --> 00:16:03,630 You're from New Mexico? 253 00:16:03,713 --> 00:16:07,217 No. New York, but my brother and I have a ranch outside Santa Fe. 254 00:16:08,093 --> 00:16:09,803 That's the America I miss right now. 255 00:16:09,886 --> 00:16:13,140 -Then it's best you get home, cowboys. -[Oppenheimer, Rabi chuckle] 256 00:16:13,223 --> 00:16:14,224 That's him. 257 00:16:14,307 --> 00:16:17,185 No, me and horses? I don't think so. 258 00:16:18,311 --> 00:16:19,604 Nice to meet you. 259 00:16:21,565 --> 00:16:23,733 Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again? 260 00:16:23,817 --> 00:16:25,861 Not in person, no, but, uh... 261 00:16:27,988 --> 00:16:29,990 you might say our paths crossed. 262 00:16:31,449 --> 00:16:32,951 On returning to America, 263 00:16:33,034 --> 00:16:35,954 I accepted positions at both Caltech and up at Berkeley. 264 00:16:36,037 --> 00:16:36,079 [people chattering] 265 00:16:36,079 --> 00:16:37,956 [people chattering] 266 00:16:44,754 --> 00:16:46,339 [equipment clattering] 267 00:16:54,472 --> 00:16:55,473 [sighs] 268 00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:02,230 Dr. Lawrence, I presume? 269 00:17:04,524 --> 00:17:06,401 -You must be Oppenheimer. -Yes. 270 00:17:06,902 --> 00:17:09,154 I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory. 271 00:17:09,237 --> 00:17:10,989 I am starting it. Next door. 272 00:17:11,072 --> 00:17:12,240 They put you in there? 273 00:17:12,324 --> 00:17:15,577 I asked for it. Wanted to be close to you experimentalists. 274 00:17:15,660 --> 00:17:17,329 Theory will get you only so far, huh? 275 00:17:17,412 --> 00:17:19,331 We're building a machine to accelerate electrons. 276 00:17:19,414 --> 00:17:20,415 Magnificent. 277 00:17:20,498 --> 00:17:21,917 Would you like to help? 278 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,835 Build it? Oh, no. [chuckles] 279 00:17:23,919 --> 00:17:24,920 No, no. 280 00:17:25,003 --> 00:17:27,672 But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it. 281 00:17:27,756 --> 00:17:29,049 When do you start teaching? 282 00:17:29,132 --> 00:17:30,425 I've got my first in an hour. 283 00:17:30,508 --> 00:17:32,469 -Seminar? -Pupil. 284 00:17:33,136 --> 00:17:35,347 One student? That's it? 285 00:17:35,972 --> 00:17:38,558 I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of. 286 00:17:38,642 --> 00:17:40,560 But once people start hearing what you can do with it-- 287 00:17:40,644 --> 00:17:42,103 There's no going back. 288 00:17:42,187 --> 00:17:43,563 [door opens] 289 00:17:44,564 --> 00:17:47,108 -Oh. I must have missed the-- -Mr. Lomanitz? 290 00:17:47,192 --> 00:17:48,193 Nah-- 291 00:17:49,653 --> 00:17:50,654 Yeah. 292 00:17:50,737 --> 00:17:51,738 Yes, this is it. 293 00:17:51,821 --> 00:17:53,657 Please. Take a seat. 294 00:17:54,908 --> 00:17:55,909 [clears throat] 295 00:17:58,954 --> 00:18:00,580 What do you know about quantum mechanics? 296 00:18:01,665 --> 00:18:03,583 I have a grasp on the basics. 297 00:18:03,667 --> 00:18:05,043 Then you're doing it wrong. 298 00:18:05,961 --> 00:18:08,171 Is light made up of particles or waves? 299 00:18:08,255 --> 00:18:10,840 Quantum mechanics says it's both. How could it be both? 300 00:18:10,924 --> 00:18:12,384 -It can't. -It can't. 301 00:18:13,093 --> 00:18:14,094 But it is. 302 00:18:14,177 --> 00:18:17,514 It's paradoxical, and yet, it works. 303 00:18:24,771 --> 00:18:25,855 Now... 304 00:18:28,275 --> 00:18:29,734 Thank you. 305 00:18:29,818 --> 00:18:31,486 Mr. Lomanitz. 306 00:18:31,569 --> 00:18:32,570 You're gonna be okay. 307 00:18:32,654 --> 00:18:34,197 Mr. Snyder. 308 00:18:34,281 --> 00:18:36,324 Now let's consider a star. 309 00:18:36,408 --> 00:18:37,951 A star. 310 00:18:38,034 --> 00:18:39,953 A vast furnace burning in outer space, 311 00:18:40,036 --> 00:18:42,580 fire pushing outwards against its own gravity. 312 00:18:42,664 --> 00:18:43,832 Balanced. 313 00:18:45,125 --> 00:18:46,501 But if that furnace cools 314 00:18:47,794 --> 00:18:50,588 and gravity starts winning, it contracts. 315 00:18:50,672 --> 00:18:51,756 Density increases. 316 00:18:52,340 --> 00:18:54,467 Correct. Increasing gravity. 317 00:18:54,551 --> 00:18:56,303 -Increasing density. -And? 318 00:18:56,386 --> 00:18:59,431 It's a vicious cycle until... What's the limit here? 319 00:19:00,181 --> 00:19:03,226 [chuckles] I don't know. See where the math takes us. 320 00:19:03,310 --> 00:19:04,811 I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before. 321 00:19:04,894 --> 00:19:06,396 Me? 322 00:19:07,063 --> 00:19:08,940 Yes, you. Your math is better than mine. 323 00:19:09,024 --> 00:19:10,859 [students laughing] 324 00:19:10,942 --> 00:19:12,652 [Bartlett] Dr. Oppenheimer's file 325 00:19:12,736 --> 00:19:15,405 contained details of his activities in Berkeley. 326 00:19:15,488 --> 00:19:19,159 Why would they have started a file on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war? 327 00:19:19,909 --> 00:19:22,287 Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover. 328 00:19:22,370 --> 00:19:24,164 I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss. 329 00:19:24,789 --> 00:19:26,958 Uh, my assumption is 330 00:19:27,042 --> 00:19:32,714 that it was connected to his, uh, left-wing political activities. 331 00:19:32,797 --> 00:19:34,424 [door opens] 332 00:19:34,507 --> 00:19:37,761 You shouldn't let them bring up politics in the classroom, Oppie. 333 00:19:37,844 --> 00:19:38,845 I wrote that. 334 00:19:39,429 --> 00:19:42,057 Lawrence, you embrace the revolution in physics. 335 00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:44,100 Can't you see it everywhere else? 336 00:19:44,184 --> 00:19:46,269 Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx. 337 00:19:46,353 --> 00:19:49,064 Well, this is America, Oppie. We had our revolution. 338 00:19:50,273 --> 00:19:53,109 Seriously, keep it out of the lab. 339 00:19:53,193 --> 00:19:57,655 Well, out of the lab, my landlady is having a discussion group tonight. 340 00:19:57,739 --> 00:19:58,740 Interested? 341 00:19:58,823 --> 00:20:00,909 I have sampled the Berkeley political scene. 342 00:20:00,992 --> 00:20:05,372 It's all just philosophy postgrads and communists talking integration. 343 00:20:05,455 --> 00:20:07,040 You don't care about integration? 344 00:20:07,123 --> 00:20:08,875 I want to vote for it, not talk about it. 345 00:20:08,958 --> 00:20:10,210 Especially on a Friday. 346 00:20:10,293 --> 00:20:11,336 Come on. Let's eat. 347 00:20:11,419 --> 00:20:12,921 I'm meeting my brother there. 348 00:20:13,546 --> 00:20:17,384 [Bartlett] And how would these activities have come to the attention of the FBI? 349 00:20:17,467 --> 00:20:19,469 Well, if I remember correctly, 350 00:20:19,552 --> 00:20:23,640 the FBI was taking license plates outside suspected communist gatherings, 351 00:20:23,723 --> 00:20:25,392 and his name popped up. 352 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:35,402 -Jesus Christ. -Sorry. 353 00:20:35,485 --> 00:20:37,070 -Frank. -Robert. 354 00:20:38,154 --> 00:20:39,697 Uh, you remember Jackie. 355 00:20:39,781 --> 00:20:40,782 Evening. 356 00:20:41,658 --> 00:20:42,700 Let's go. 357 00:20:44,035 --> 00:20:45,870 [people chattering] 358 00:20:46,996 --> 00:20:48,123 [student] Robert. 359 00:20:48,206 --> 00:20:50,500 I want you to meet Chevalier. 360 00:20:50,583 --> 00:20:53,628 Dr. Haakon Chevalier, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer. 361 00:20:53,711 --> 00:20:54,712 -Pleasure. -Pleasure. 362 00:20:54,796 --> 00:20:56,756 -This is my little brother, Frank. -Hello. 363 00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:58,383 -And this is-- -Still Jackie. 364 00:20:58,466 --> 00:20:59,509 Hello, Still Jackie. 365 00:20:59,592 --> 00:21:01,553 Chevalier, you're in languages? 366 00:21:01,636 --> 00:21:03,304 And your reputation precedes you. 367 00:21:03,388 --> 00:21:04,389 What have you heard? 368 00:21:04,472 --> 00:21:06,683 That you're teaching a radical new approach to physics 369 00:21:06,766 --> 00:21:10,061 I have no chance of understanding, but I hadn't heard you're a Party member. 370 00:21:10,145 --> 00:21:11,688 -I'm not. -Not yet. 371 00:21:11,771 --> 00:21:14,149 Frank and I are thinking of joining. Just the other day, I was-- 372 00:21:14,232 --> 00:21:15,567 I support a range of causes. 373 00:21:15,650 --> 00:21:16,734 The Spanish Civil War? 374 00:21:16,818 --> 00:21:20,155 A democratic republic being overthrown by fascist thugs, who wouldn't? 375 00:21:20,238 --> 00:21:23,992 Our government. They think that socialism is a bigger threat than fascism. 376 00:21:24,075 --> 00:21:26,786 Not for long. Look at what the Nazis are doing to the Jews. 377 00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:29,414 I send funds to colleagues in Germany to emigrate. 378 00:21:29,497 --> 00:21:31,124 I have to do something. 379 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,878 My own work is so abstract. 380 00:21:34,961 --> 00:21:38,465 -What are you working on? -What happens to stars when they die. 381 00:21:38,548 --> 00:21:39,591 Do stars die? 382 00:21:40,925 --> 00:21:44,429 Well, if they do, they cool, then collapse. 383 00:21:44,512 --> 00:21:49,142 In fact, the bigger the star, the more violent its demise. 384 00:21:49,684 --> 00:21:53,104 Their gravity gets so concentrated, it swallows everything. 385 00:21:53,771 --> 00:21:55,273 Everything, even light. 386 00:21:55,356 --> 00:21:56,608 Can that really happen? 387 00:21:56,691 --> 00:21:58,318 The math says it can. 388 00:21:58,401 --> 00:22:01,488 If we can get published, then perhaps one day an astronomer finds one. 389 00:22:01,571 --> 00:22:05,366 But right now, all I have is theory, which can't impact people's lives. 390 00:22:05,450 --> 00:22:07,494 Well, if you're going to send money to Spain, 391 00:22:07,577 --> 00:22:08,995 do it through the Communist Party. 392 00:22:09,078 --> 00:22:11,039 They can get it to the front lines. 393 00:22:11,122 --> 00:22:12,415 Mary sent me with these. 394 00:22:13,374 --> 00:22:14,375 I'm Jean. 395 00:22:15,293 --> 00:22:16,294 Robert. 396 00:22:16,377 --> 00:22:17,420 Haakon Chevalier. 397 00:22:17,504 --> 00:22:19,422 The union meeting at Serber's last month. 398 00:22:19,506 --> 00:22:20,798 Right, right, yes. 399 00:22:20,882 --> 00:22:22,217 Oh, thank you. 400 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:24,552 [Chevalier] Robert here says he's not a communist. 401 00:22:24,636 --> 00:22:26,763 Well, then he doesn't know enough about it. 402 00:22:26,846 --> 00:22:29,516 I've read Das Kapital, all three volumes. 403 00:22:29,599 --> 00:22:30,600 Does that count? 404 00:22:30,683 --> 00:22:32,894 It would make you better read than most party members. 405 00:22:32,977 --> 00:22:36,523 It's turgid stuff. There's some thinking, "Ownership is theft." 406 00:22:36,606 --> 00:22:37,649 "Property." 407 00:22:37,732 --> 00:22:39,067 "Property"? 408 00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:40,401 "Property," not "ownership." 409 00:22:40,485 --> 00:22:42,278 I'm sorry, I read it in the original German. 410 00:22:42,362 --> 00:22:43,738 [chuckles] 411 00:22:43,821 --> 00:22:45,365 -[Chevalier] Well... -[glasses clink] 412 00:22:45,949 --> 00:22:47,116 It's not about the book. 413 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:48,826 It's about the ideas. 414 00:22:48,910 --> 00:22:50,453 And you sound uncommitted. 415 00:22:50,537 --> 00:22:53,831 I'm committed to thinking freely about how to improve our world. 416 00:22:54,541 --> 00:22:56,626 Why limit yourself to one dogma? 417 00:22:56,709 --> 00:22:59,587 You're a physicist. You pick and choose rules? 418 00:22:59,671 --> 00:23:03,800 Or do you use the discipline to channel your energies into progress? 419 00:23:03,883 --> 00:23:05,760 I like a little wiggle room. 420 00:23:06,803 --> 00:23:08,763 Do you always toe the party line? 421 00:23:10,473 --> 00:23:12,183 I like my wiggle room too. 422 00:23:15,270 --> 00:23:17,355 [panting] 423 00:23:22,944 --> 00:23:23,945 -What? -[laughs] 424 00:23:24,821 --> 00:23:25,822 Wait, wait, wait. 425 00:23:30,034 --> 00:23:32,579 -Unexpected. -What? 426 00:23:32,662 --> 00:23:34,080 For a physicist. 427 00:23:34,163 --> 00:23:36,624 You only have a shelf full of Freud? 428 00:23:36,708 --> 00:23:39,127 Well, actually, my background's more-- 429 00:23:39,210 --> 00:23:40,378 Jungian? 430 00:23:42,380 --> 00:23:43,756 You know analysis? 431 00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:47,135 When I was a postgrad at Cambridge, I had a little trouble. 432 00:23:48,303 --> 00:23:49,304 I'll bite. 433 00:23:49,387 --> 00:23:50,930 I tried to poison my tutor. 434 00:23:51,014 --> 00:23:52,015 Did you hate him? 435 00:23:52,098 --> 00:23:53,516 I liked him very much. 436 00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:55,393 You just needed to get laid. 437 00:23:55,476 --> 00:23:56,936 Took my analyst two years, 438 00:23:57,020 --> 00:23:59,147 and I don't think they ever put it that succinctly. 439 00:23:59,230 --> 00:24:03,067 You have everyone convinced you're more complicated than you actually are. 440 00:24:03,151 --> 00:24:04,986 We're all simple souls, I guess. 441 00:24:05,069 --> 00:24:06,279 I'm not. 442 00:24:09,157 --> 00:24:10,158 What's this? 443 00:24:10,241 --> 00:24:11,826 Sanskrit. 444 00:24:11,909 --> 00:24:13,077 You can read this? 445 00:24:13,161 --> 00:24:14,746 I'm learning. 446 00:24:19,751 --> 00:24:20,752 Read this. 447 00:24:22,503 --> 00:24:26,257 Well, in this part, Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self-- 448 00:24:26,341 --> 00:24:27,425 No. 449 00:24:28,593 --> 00:24:30,178 Read the words. 450 00:24:33,848 --> 00:24:36,059 "And now I am become Death." 451 00:24:40,188 --> 00:24:42,190 [thunder rumbling] 452 00:24:42,273 --> 00:24:43,816 "The destroyer of worlds." 453 00:24:46,486 --> 00:24:48,112 [wind whistling] 454 00:25:14,430 --> 00:25:15,640 [Oppenheimer] This'll do. 455 00:25:17,725 --> 00:25:19,519 [wind howling] 456 00:25:22,313 --> 00:25:23,606 It'll break before dawn. 457 00:25:24,107 --> 00:25:27,485 Air cools overnight. Just before dawn, it breaks. 458 00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:31,072 Come on. Come on. 459 00:25:35,868 --> 00:25:38,037 -[chuckles] -[Lawrence sighs] 460 00:25:38,121 --> 00:25:40,164 [grunts] So... 461 00:25:40,248 --> 00:25:41,624 I'm getting married. 462 00:25:41,708 --> 00:25:43,918 -Frank. Congratulations. -Thank you. 463 00:25:44,001 --> 00:25:45,002 To Jackie? 464 00:25:45,086 --> 00:25:47,547 -Yeah, to Jackie. -[Oppenheimer clears throat] 465 00:25:47,630 --> 00:25:48,715 The waitress. 466 00:25:48,798 --> 00:25:50,633 Oppie, you're right. It's lettin' up. 467 00:25:50,717 --> 00:25:52,552 I'm gonna go see if there's any stars. 468 00:25:52,635 --> 00:25:56,889 All your talk about the common man, but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm? 469 00:25:57,807 --> 00:26:00,184 We join the Party, and you can't hide your disapproval, why? 470 00:26:00,268 --> 00:26:02,228 Is that because that's supposed to be your thing? 471 00:26:02,311 --> 00:26:03,646 I haven't joined the Party, Frank. 472 00:26:03,730 --> 00:26:06,399 And I don't think she should have convinced you to either. 473 00:26:06,482 --> 00:26:08,025 Half of the faculty is communist. 474 00:26:08,109 --> 00:26:09,110 Not that half. 475 00:26:10,611 --> 00:26:13,322 I'm your brother, Frank, and I want you to be cautious. 476 00:26:13,406 --> 00:26:14,574 And I want to wring your neck. 477 00:26:17,076 --> 00:26:20,163 I won't live my life afraid to make a mistake. 478 00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:25,418 You're happy, I'm happy. 479 00:26:25,501 --> 00:26:28,254 So then I'm happy you're happy that I'm happy. 480 00:26:33,301 --> 00:26:36,596 I feel like I could see one of those dark stars that you're working on. 481 00:26:36,679 --> 00:26:39,557 You can't. That's the whole point. 482 00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:41,726 Their gravity swallows light. 483 00:26:42,643 --> 00:26:44,854 It's like a kind of hole in space. 484 00:26:45,855 --> 00:26:47,064 Is Frank okay? 485 00:26:47,148 --> 00:26:49,817 Yes. He just has a shitty brother. 486 00:26:50,777 --> 00:26:52,153 It is special here. 487 00:26:54,781 --> 00:26:55,990 When I was a kid, 488 00:26:57,283 --> 00:26:58,826 I thought if I could find a way 489 00:27:00,411 --> 00:27:04,582 to combine physics and New Mexico, 490 00:27:04,665 --> 00:27:06,334 my life would be perfect. 491 00:27:06,417 --> 00:27:07,543 [chuckles] 492 00:27:08,294 --> 00:27:10,338 -Little remote for that. -Yes. 493 00:27:10,838 --> 00:27:12,173 Let's get some sleep. 494 00:27:13,549 --> 00:27:17,178 That mesa we saw today, one of my favorite places in the world. 495 00:27:18,137 --> 00:27:19,222 Tomorrow we'll climb it. 496 00:27:19,764 --> 00:27:21,098 [Lawrence] What's it called? 497 00:27:22,141 --> 00:27:23,351 [Oppenheimer] Los Alamos. 498 00:27:27,438 --> 00:27:29,232 I didn't expect to see you today. 499 00:27:30,691 --> 00:27:32,360 Do I have to make an appointment? 500 00:27:33,152 --> 00:27:34,237 [store bell jingles] 501 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,906 -Hey! Hey, get back here! -Alvarez? 502 00:27:43,371 --> 00:27:45,456 [Alvarez] Oppie! Oppie! 503 00:27:46,207 --> 00:27:47,708 [Oppenheimer] What? What is it? 504 00:27:48,209 --> 00:27:49,919 They've done it. They've done it. 505 00:27:50,002 --> 00:27:52,922 Hahn and Strassmann in Germany. They split the uranium nucleus. 506 00:27:54,257 --> 00:27:55,633 [Lawrence] How? 507 00:27:56,884 --> 00:27:58,719 Bombarded it with neutrons. 508 00:27:58,803 --> 00:28:01,472 It's a nuclear fission. They did it, they split the atom. 509 00:28:01,556 --> 00:28:02,765 It's not possible. 510 00:28:09,355 --> 00:28:10,898 I'm gonna try to reproduce it. 511 00:28:17,697 --> 00:28:19,615 See? Can't be done. 512 00:28:20,867 --> 00:28:22,076 [Lawrence] Very elegant. 513 00:28:22,827 --> 00:28:24,120 Quite clear. 514 00:28:24,203 --> 00:28:26,289 -There's just one problem. -Where? 515 00:28:26,956 --> 00:28:28,040 Next door. 516 00:28:28,708 --> 00:28:29,709 Alvarez did it. 517 00:28:30,710 --> 00:28:31,919 But then look, 518 00:28:32,962 --> 00:28:35,506 these fission pulses, they're massive. 519 00:28:36,173 --> 00:28:39,594 I've seen 30 of these in the past ten minutes. 520 00:28:40,177 --> 00:28:42,179 Theory will take you only so far. 521 00:28:43,973 --> 00:28:45,308 During the process, 522 00:28:46,475 --> 00:28:50,897 extra neutrons boil off, which could be used to split other uranium atoms. 523 00:28:50,980 --> 00:28:54,066 Chain reaction. You're thinkin' what I'm thinkin'? 524 00:28:54,150 --> 00:28:57,945 You, me, and every other physicist around the world who's seen the news. 525 00:28:59,405 --> 00:29:00,781 What? What are we all thinking? 526 00:29:01,824 --> 00:29:04,452 A bomb, Alvarez. 527 00:29:05,703 --> 00:29:06,913 A bomb. 528 00:29:08,414 --> 00:29:10,416 I told you, Robert, no more fucking flowers. 529 00:29:12,376 --> 00:29:15,463 -I don't understand what you want from me. -I don't want anything from you. 530 00:29:17,048 --> 00:29:20,635 -Well, you say that and then you call. -Well, don't answer. 531 00:29:21,886 --> 00:29:23,012 I'll always answer. 532 00:29:28,643 --> 00:29:31,437 Fine. Just no more flowers. 533 00:29:33,272 --> 00:29:34,565 You're not coming? 534 00:29:36,484 --> 00:29:38,611 [Chevalier] You have to know when you're beaten, Robert. 535 00:29:41,072 --> 00:29:42,448 It's not that simple, Hoke. 536 00:29:42,531 --> 00:29:44,951 -Chevalier, good to see you. -[students] F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T! 537 00:29:45,034 --> 00:29:48,287 Barbara, good to see you, and the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer. 538 00:29:48,788 --> 00:29:50,456 -I'm Eltenton. -Pleasure. 539 00:29:50,539 --> 00:29:51,624 Please, please. 540 00:29:51,707 --> 00:29:55,461 Might you say a word about organized labor on campuses, yes? 541 00:29:55,544 --> 00:29:56,963 Coming through! Coming through. 542 00:29:57,046 --> 00:29:58,339 I work at Shell. 543 00:29:58,422 --> 00:30:00,716 We've signed up chemists, we signed up engineers, 544 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:02,468 so why not scientists in academia? 545 00:30:02,551 --> 00:30:07,598 [students chanting] Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 546 00:30:07,682 --> 00:30:09,433 [cheering, applauding] 547 00:30:16,524 --> 00:30:18,275 Teachers are unionized. 548 00:30:18,776 --> 00:30:21,404 -Why not professors? -Don't you have somewhere to be? 549 00:30:21,487 --> 00:30:24,281 Lawrence, academics have rights too. 550 00:30:24,365 --> 00:30:26,242 Look, it's not that. I've got a group coming. 551 00:30:26,325 --> 00:30:28,160 Oh. I'll sit in. 552 00:30:28,244 --> 00:30:29,286 Not this one. 553 00:30:31,789 --> 00:30:32,790 [door opens] 554 00:30:35,835 --> 00:30:38,879 Richard. Dr. Bush. What brings you two up north? 555 00:30:48,639 --> 00:30:51,559 Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be down to Pasadena Thursday. 556 00:30:57,398 --> 00:30:58,774 [sighs] 557 00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:03,779 Your paper on black holes is in! 558 00:31:05,448 --> 00:31:07,283 Where's Hartland? 559 00:31:07,366 --> 00:31:09,452 Get Hartland. Get Hartland. 560 00:31:09,535 --> 00:31:13,164 September 1st, 1939. The world's gonna remember this day. 561 00:31:13,247 --> 00:31:14,582 [chuckles] 562 00:31:14,665 --> 00:31:16,667 Oh, Hartland. Our paper, it's in print. 563 00:31:16,751 --> 00:31:18,627 We've been upstaged. 564 00:31:21,922 --> 00:31:23,674 [Oppenheimer] During the Battle of Britain, 565 00:31:23,758 --> 00:31:26,677 I found myself increasingly out of sympathy 566 00:31:26,761 --> 00:31:30,890 with the policy of neutrality that communists advocated. 567 00:31:30,973 --> 00:31:34,060 But after Hitler invaded Russia and we became allies, 568 00:31:34,143 --> 00:31:36,479 these communist sympathies, did they return? 569 00:31:36,562 --> 00:31:37,480 No. 570 00:31:38,355 --> 00:31:42,526 I need to make clear that my changing views on Russia 571 00:31:42,610 --> 00:31:45,988 did not mean a sharp break from those who held different views. 572 00:31:46,072 --> 00:31:48,365 For a year or two, and during a previous marriage, 573 00:31:48,449 --> 00:31:51,660 my wife Kitty had been a Communist Party member. 574 00:31:52,661 --> 00:31:54,413 [guests chattering, laughing] 575 00:31:55,706 --> 00:31:57,833 This way. This is where I keep the good stuff. 576 00:31:57,917 --> 00:31:59,710 I thought this was the Tolmans' house. 577 00:31:59,794 --> 00:32:01,712 I live with them while I'm at Caltech. 578 00:32:01,796 --> 00:32:04,715 -Do you two need anything? -[Oppenheimer] We're good, Ruthie. 579 00:32:05,966 --> 00:32:08,677 So, you're a biologist. 580 00:32:09,261 --> 00:32:12,515 Well, somehow I have graduated to housewife. 581 00:32:12,598 --> 00:32:16,143 Can you explain quantum mechanics to me? Seems baffling. 582 00:32:16,227 --> 00:32:17,728 Yes, it is. 583 00:32:19,146 --> 00:32:22,566 Well, this glass, this drink, 584 00:32:23,692 --> 00:32:27,363 this countertop, uh, our bodies, 585 00:32:28,906 --> 00:32:30,074 all of it. 586 00:32:31,367 --> 00:32:33,410 It's mostly empty space. 587 00:32:33,494 --> 00:32:36,539 Groupings of tiny energy waves bound together. 588 00:32:36,622 --> 00:32:37,623 By what? 589 00:32:37,706 --> 00:32:41,460 Forces of attraction strong enough to convince us 590 00:32:41,544 --> 00:32:45,965 that matter is solid, stop my body passing through yours. 591 00:32:52,138 --> 00:32:53,639 [chattering] 592 00:32:58,727 --> 00:33:00,271 You're married to Dr. Harrison. 593 00:33:00,855 --> 00:33:01,814 Not very. 594 00:33:04,066 --> 00:33:07,736 There is someone that I feel-- 595 00:33:07,820 --> 00:33:09,155 Does she feel the same way? 596 00:33:09,238 --> 00:33:10,614 Sometimes. 597 00:33:11,574 --> 00:33:12,908 Not enough. 598 00:33:14,243 --> 00:33:17,079 You know, I'm going to New Mexico. 599 00:33:17,163 --> 00:33:19,999 To my ranch, with friends. You should come. 600 00:33:21,333 --> 00:33:23,252 I meant with your husband. 601 00:33:23,335 --> 00:33:24,378 Yes, you did. 602 00:33:24,461 --> 00:33:26,881 'Cause you know it won't make a bit of difference. 603 00:33:31,260 --> 00:33:33,053 [Oppenheimer] Why did you marry him? 604 00:33:33,137 --> 00:33:36,307 I was lost and he was kind. 605 00:33:38,642 --> 00:33:39,643 Lost? 606 00:33:40,311 --> 00:33:42,062 Well, my previous husband had died 607 00:33:42,146 --> 00:33:45,316 and at 28 I wasn't really ready to be a widow. 608 00:33:45,399 --> 00:33:46,817 Who was your first husband? 609 00:33:46,901 --> 00:33:50,112 Nobody. But my second husband was Joe Dallet. 610 00:33:50,196 --> 00:33:52,615 He was, um, from money, like me, 611 00:33:52,698 --> 00:33:56,202 but he was a union organizer in Youngstown, Ohio. 612 00:33:56,285 --> 00:33:57,411 Fell hard. 613 00:33:57,494 --> 00:33:58,871 [chuckles] How hard? 614 00:33:58,954 --> 00:34:01,624 Hard enough to spend the next four years living off beans and pancakes, 615 00:34:01,707 --> 00:34:04,668 handing out the Daily Worker at factory gates. 616 00:34:05,252 --> 00:34:07,546 By 36, I just told Joe I couldn't take it anymore. 617 00:34:07,630 --> 00:34:10,132 Quit the Party. A year later, I wanted him back. 618 00:34:10,216 --> 00:34:12,801 Him, not the Daily Worker. 619 00:34:12,885 --> 00:34:14,970 He said, "Swell, I'll meet you on my way to Spain." 620 00:34:15,054 --> 00:34:16,430 He went to fight for the Loyalists? 621 00:34:16,513 --> 00:34:19,558 And then he went to the brigades and I waited, and... 622 00:34:21,227 --> 00:34:24,647 Joe got himself killed first time he popped his head outta the trench. 623 00:34:25,439 --> 00:34:27,816 Ideology got Joe killed. For nothing. 624 00:34:27,900 --> 00:34:29,693 Spanish Republic isn't nothing. 625 00:34:29,777 --> 00:34:32,780 My husband offered both our futures to stop one fascist bullet 626 00:34:32,863 --> 00:34:35,032 from embedding itself in a mudbank. 627 00:34:36,075 --> 00:34:38,327 That's the definition of nothing. 628 00:34:38,410 --> 00:34:40,287 -Seems a little reductive. -Pragmatic. 629 00:34:42,331 --> 00:34:43,624 Now here I am. 630 00:34:46,252 --> 00:34:47,836 Wherever the hell this is. 631 00:34:55,010 --> 00:34:57,554 I didn't want you to hear it from anyone else. 632 00:35:00,516 --> 00:35:02,476 Least you didn't bring me flowers. 633 00:35:02,559 --> 00:35:03,727 [sniffles] 634 00:35:04,937 --> 00:35:06,272 [chuckles] 635 00:35:10,067 --> 00:35:12,319 We both know I'm not what you want, Jean. 636 00:35:13,654 --> 00:35:15,531 Yeah, but it's a door closing. 637 00:35:16,448 --> 00:35:17,449 No. 638 00:35:19,326 --> 00:35:21,370 Not as far as I'm concerned, no. 639 00:35:23,038 --> 00:35:25,332 You knocked her up. Fast work. 640 00:35:25,416 --> 00:35:28,085 -Can't keep a good man down. -[chuckles] 641 00:35:28,168 --> 00:35:29,378 I meant her. 642 00:35:30,170 --> 00:35:33,382 She knew what she wanted. What about the husband? 643 00:35:33,465 --> 00:35:34,883 We talked. 644 00:35:34,967 --> 00:35:36,218 They're getting a divorce 645 00:35:36,302 --> 00:35:40,472 so we can get married before she starts showing. 646 00:35:40,556 --> 00:35:42,057 How civilized. 647 00:35:44,018 --> 00:35:46,603 You idiot. This is your community. 648 00:35:47,646 --> 00:35:50,274 You think the rules don't apply to the golden boy? 649 00:35:51,066 --> 00:35:52,735 Brilliance makes up for a lot. 650 00:35:53,444 --> 00:35:57,072 Don't alienate the only people in the world that understand what you do. 651 00:35:58,699 --> 00:36:00,326 One day you might need them. 652 00:36:00,409 --> 00:36:01,535 [students chanting] F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T! 653 00:36:01,535 --> 00:36:02,953 [students chanting] F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T! 654 00:36:03,037 --> 00:36:05,039 [Oppenheimer] The Federation of Architects, Engineers, 655 00:36:05,122 --> 00:36:07,249 Chemists and Technicians. 656 00:36:14,131 --> 00:36:17,509 -Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month? -That's not the point, Lawrence. 657 00:36:17,593 --> 00:36:22,431 What do any of you have in common with farm laborers and dock workers? 658 00:36:22,514 --> 00:36:23,724 [Lomanitz] Plenty. 659 00:36:24,892 --> 00:36:26,935 Everybody out. Now! 660 00:36:31,523 --> 00:36:32,858 Not you. 661 00:36:32,941 --> 00:36:34,735 [footsteps departing] 662 00:36:36,487 --> 00:36:37,821 [door closes] 663 00:36:38,697 --> 00:36:39,698 What are you doing? 664 00:36:40,574 --> 00:36:43,410 -It's a trade union. -Filled with communists. 665 00:36:43,494 --> 00:36:45,329 So? I haven't joined the Party. 666 00:36:45,412 --> 00:36:48,916 They won't let me bring you onto the project because of this shit. 667 00:36:48,999 --> 00:36:51,293 They won't even let me tell you what the project is. 668 00:36:51,377 --> 00:36:54,254 -Oh, I know what the project is. -Oh, really? 669 00:36:54,338 --> 00:36:56,965 We've all heard about Einstein and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt 670 00:36:57,049 --> 00:36:58,675 warning him the Germans could make a bomb, 671 00:36:58,759 --> 00:37:02,054 and I know what it means for the Nazis to have a bomb. 672 00:37:02,137 --> 00:37:03,514 And I don't? 673 00:37:03,597 --> 00:37:06,642 It's not your people they're herding into camps. 674 00:37:06,725 --> 00:37:07,851 It's mine. 675 00:37:08,602 --> 00:37:10,938 You think that I tell them about your politics. 676 00:37:12,981 --> 00:37:14,733 The next time you're coming home from a meeting, 677 00:37:14,817 --> 00:37:16,819 why don't you take a look in the rearview mirror? 678 00:37:16,902 --> 00:37:21,782 Listen to the sounds on your phone line and stop being so goddamn naive. 679 00:37:23,242 --> 00:37:24,576 Why would they care what I do? 680 00:37:24,660 --> 00:37:28,831 Because you're not just self-important, you're actually important. 681 00:37:32,292 --> 00:37:33,293 Okay. 682 00:37:34,336 --> 00:37:37,464 -I get it. -If you could just be a little more-- 683 00:37:37,548 --> 00:37:38,715 Pragmatic. 684 00:37:38,799 --> 00:37:40,759 I'll talk to Lomanitz, I'll talk to the others. 685 00:37:40,843 --> 00:37:43,429 You don't have to worry. It's done, Lawrence. 686 00:37:48,851 --> 00:37:50,185 Then welcome to the war. 687 00:37:50,936 --> 00:37:53,230 I filled out my first security questionnaire 688 00:37:53,313 --> 00:37:56,525 and was informed that my involvement with left-wing groups 689 00:37:56,608 --> 00:38:00,529 would not prove a bar to my working on the atomic program. 690 00:38:00,612 --> 00:38:03,198 [Pastore] Why were his communist associations 691 00:38:03,282 --> 00:38:06,118 not seen as a security risk during the war? 692 00:38:06,201 --> 00:38:09,288 Senator, I can't possibly answer for security clearance 693 00:38:09,371 --> 00:38:11,373 granted years before I ever met the man. 694 00:38:11,457 --> 00:38:13,417 Fine. What about after? 695 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:14,501 After the war, 696 00:38:14,585 --> 00:38:19,214 Dr. Oppenheimer was the most respected scientific voice in the world. 697 00:38:19,298 --> 00:38:21,341 That's why I asked him to run the Institute. 698 00:38:21,425 --> 00:38:24,303 That's why he advised the Atomic Energy Commission. 699 00:38:24,386 --> 00:38:25,512 Simple as that. 700 00:38:26,096 --> 00:38:27,639 What are they accusing me of? 701 00:38:28,265 --> 00:38:31,768 I think they just wanna know what happened between 1947 and 1954 702 00:38:31,852 --> 00:38:34,563 to change your mind on Oppenheimer's security clearance. 703 00:38:34,646 --> 00:38:35,647 I didn't. 704 00:38:35,731 --> 00:38:37,441 I was chair of the AEC, 705 00:38:37,524 --> 00:38:40,903 but it wasn't me that brought the charges against Robert. 706 00:38:40,986 --> 00:38:42,279 Who did? 707 00:38:42,362 --> 00:38:44,239 Some former staff member of the Joint Congressional Committee. 708 00:38:44,323 --> 00:38:47,367 He was a rabid anti-communist named Borden. 709 00:38:47,451 --> 00:38:49,661 He wrote to the FBI demanding they take action. 710 00:38:49,745 --> 00:38:52,247 The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct? 711 00:38:52,331 --> 00:38:54,833 Why get caught holding the knife yourself? 712 00:38:54,917 --> 00:38:56,710 What did Borden have against Oppenheimer? 713 00:38:56,793 --> 00:38:58,462 This was the McCarthy Era. 714 00:38:59,338 --> 00:39:02,674 People hounded out of jobs for any hint of red. 715 00:39:02,758 --> 00:39:05,761 And then, reading Oppenheimer's security file, 716 00:39:05,844 --> 00:39:08,847 his communist brother, sister-in-law, fiancée, 717 00:39:08,931 --> 00:39:10,265 best friend, wife. 718 00:39:10,349 --> 00:39:12,768 That's before we even get to the Chevalier incident. 719 00:39:12,851 --> 00:39:16,188 But how would Borden have access to Oppenheimer's security file? 720 00:39:16,271 --> 00:39:18,190 Because somebody gave it to him. 721 00:39:19,191 --> 00:39:21,735 Somebody who wanted Robert silenced. 722 00:39:21,818 --> 00:39:23,820 -Who? -[Strauss] Who knows? 723 00:39:23,904 --> 00:39:27,824 Robert didn't take care not to upset the power brokers in Washington. 724 00:39:28,534 --> 00:39:31,286 His opinions on the atom became definitive 725 00:39:31,370 --> 00:39:33,872 and he wasn't always patient with us mere mortals. 726 00:39:37,668 --> 00:39:39,836 I came in for plenty of harsh treatment. 727 00:39:39,920 --> 00:39:43,298 There was an AEC vote 728 00:39:43,382 --> 00:39:45,801 on the export of isotopes to Norway, 729 00:39:45,884 --> 00:39:48,554 and they drafted in Robert to make me look like a fool. 730 00:39:48,637 --> 00:39:51,557 [congressman] But, Dr. Oppenheimer, we've already heard from Admiral Strauss 731 00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:54,893 that these isotopes could be useful to our enemies 732 00:39:54,977 --> 00:39:56,395 in the production of atomic weapons. 733 00:39:56,478 --> 00:39:59,648 Congressmen, you could use a shovel in making atomic weapons. 734 00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:00,732 In fact, you do. 735 00:40:00,816 --> 00:40:03,860 You could use a bottle of beer in making atomic weapons. 736 00:40:03,944 --> 00:40:05,320 In fact, you do. 737 00:40:05,404 --> 00:40:08,740 I say isotopes are less useful than electronic components, 738 00:40:08,824 --> 00:40:11,994 -but more useful than a sandwich. -[gallery laughs] 739 00:40:14,621 --> 00:40:16,123 [Strauss] Genius is no guarantee of wisdom. 740 00:40:17,249 --> 00:40:19,793 How could this man who saw so much be so blind? 741 00:40:20,961 --> 00:40:23,338 -[crickets chirping] -[baby crying] 742 00:40:29,595 --> 00:40:30,596 Kitty? 743 00:40:32,598 --> 00:40:34,433 [baby continues crying] 744 00:40:35,767 --> 00:40:36,768 Kitty? 745 00:40:38,312 --> 00:40:40,606 Kitty, the project-- 746 00:40:41,940 --> 00:40:44,651 I'm in. I'm in. 747 00:40:44,735 --> 00:40:46,028 Let's celebrate. 748 00:40:52,117 --> 00:40:53,535 Shouldn't you go to him? 749 00:40:58,373 --> 00:41:01,543 I have been going to him all fucking day. 750 00:41:07,132 --> 00:41:08,925 [baby continues crying] 751 00:41:13,513 --> 00:41:14,931 [engine turns off] 752 00:41:15,015 --> 00:41:16,308 Okay. 753 00:41:17,392 --> 00:41:19,478 -[baby continues crying] -[knocks on door] 754 00:41:23,732 --> 00:41:24,733 Here. 755 00:41:25,359 --> 00:41:26,443 Come here, darling. 756 00:41:27,319 --> 00:41:28,862 I don't know how to say this. 757 00:41:29,655 --> 00:41:31,573 I-I'm ashamed to ask. 758 00:41:32,157 --> 00:41:33,158 [Chevalier] Anything. 759 00:41:34,117 --> 00:41:36,036 -Take Peter. -Sure. 760 00:41:36,119 --> 00:41:37,954 No, for a while, Hoke. 761 00:41:38,914 --> 00:41:39,915 A while. 762 00:41:41,875 --> 00:41:44,086 Does Kitty know you're here? 763 00:41:44,169 --> 00:41:45,379 Yes, of course she knows. 764 00:41:46,213 --> 00:41:47,673 Of course she knows. 765 00:41:48,507 --> 00:41:51,093 We're awful people. Selfish, awful people. 766 00:41:53,387 --> 00:41:54,388 Forget I asked. 767 00:41:54,471 --> 00:41:56,390 Selfish, awful people, 768 00:41:56,473 --> 00:41:58,809 they don't know they're selfish and awful. 769 00:41:59,726 --> 00:42:01,103 Sit, sit, sit. 770 00:42:02,562 --> 00:42:06,483 Robert, you see beyond the world we live in. 771 00:42:08,235 --> 00:42:10,237 There is a price to be paid for that. 772 00:42:10,946 --> 00:42:12,280 Of course we'll help you. 773 00:42:23,458 --> 00:42:25,252 [Kitty] Everything's changing, Robert. 774 00:42:25,836 --> 00:42:27,462 Having a child was always going to change-- 775 00:42:27,546 --> 00:42:31,091 No, the world, it's pivoting in some new direction. 776 00:42:32,092 --> 00:42:33,301 It's reforming. 777 00:42:35,846 --> 00:42:37,013 This is your moment. 778 00:42:38,682 --> 00:42:40,267 We're putting together a group to study feasibili-- 779 00:42:40,350 --> 00:42:43,103 "We" shouldn't be doing anything. You should. 780 00:42:44,020 --> 00:42:45,605 Lawrence won't get this done. 781 00:42:46,273 --> 00:42:48,483 Or Tolman, or Rabi. You will. 782 00:42:51,653 --> 00:42:53,655 [chattering] 783 00:42:57,701 --> 00:42:59,327 [Oppenheimer] Who are the uniforms? 784 00:43:00,162 --> 00:43:01,580 I thought you might know. 785 00:43:03,039 --> 00:43:04,791 -[door opens] -[colonel] Dr. Oppenheimer. 786 00:43:06,293 --> 00:43:07,502 I'm Colonel Groves. 787 00:43:07,586 --> 00:43:09,713 This is Lieutenant Colonel Nichols. 788 00:43:09,796 --> 00:43:11,047 Have that dry cleaned. 789 00:43:16,511 --> 00:43:19,139 Well, if that's how you treat Lieutenant Colonel, 790 00:43:19,222 --> 00:43:22,768 I'd hate to see how you treat a humble physicist. 791 00:43:22,851 --> 00:43:24,644 If I ever meet one, I'll let you know. 792 00:43:24,728 --> 00:43:26,146 [chuckles] Ouch. 793 00:43:26,229 --> 00:43:29,775 Theaters of combat all over the world but I have to stay in Washington. 794 00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:32,611 -Why? -I built the Pentagon. 795 00:43:32,694 --> 00:43:37,115 The brass likes it so much they made me take over the Manhattan Engineer District. 796 00:43:37,699 --> 00:43:38,617 Which is? 797 00:43:39,618 --> 00:43:40,744 Don't be a smart ass. 798 00:43:40,827 --> 00:43:41,995 You know damn well what it is. 799 00:43:42,078 --> 00:43:44,539 You and half of every physics department across the country. 800 00:43:44,623 --> 00:43:46,500 That's problem number one. 801 00:43:46,583 --> 00:43:49,628 I thought problem number one would be securing enough uranium ore. 802 00:43:49,711 --> 00:43:53,256 -1,200 tons bought the day I took charge. -Processing? 803 00:43:53,340 --> 00:43:55,675 Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 804 00:43:56,843 --> 00:43:58,470 Now I'm looking for a project director. 805 00:43:59,471 --> 00:44:00,639 And my name came up? 806 00:44:00,722 --> 00:44:01,807 Nope. 807 00:44:02,808 --> 00:44:05,185 Even though you brought quantum physics to America. 808 00:44:05,268 --> 00:44:06,478 Which made me curious. 809 00:44:07,062 --> 00:44:08,271 What've you found out? 810 00:44:09,481 --> 00:44:13,235 You're a dilettante, a womanizer, a suspected communist-- 811 00:44:13,318 --> 00:44:14,611 I'm a New Deal Democrat. 812 00:44:14,694 --> 00:44:16,363 I said "suspected." 813 00:44:16,446 --> 00:44:20,492 Unstable, theatrical, egotistical, neurotic-- 814 00:44:20,575 --> 00:44:23,411 Nothing good, no? Not even, "He's brilliant, but--" 815 00:44:23,495 --> 00:44:26,873 Well, brilliance is taken for granted in your circle, so no. 816 00:44:26,957 --> 00:44:30,627 No, the only person who had anything good to say was Richard Tolman. 817 00:44:30,710 --> 00:44:32,629 Tolman thinks you have integrity, 818 00:44:32,712 --> 00:44:37,133 but he also strikes me as a guy who knows more about science than people. 819 00:44:37,717 --> 00:44:38,969 Yet here you are. 820 00:44:39,594 --> 00:44:41,137 You don't take much on trust. 821 00:44:41,221 --> 00:44:42,889 I don't take anything on trust. 822 00:44:46,893 --> 00:44:48,436 Why don't you have a Nobel prize? 823 00:44:48,520 --> 00:44:50,897 -Why aren't you a general? -They're making me one for this. 824 00:44:50,981 --> 00:44:53,942 -Perhaps I'll have the same luck. -A Nobel prize for making a bomb? 825 00:44:54,025 --> 00:44:55,902 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. 826 00:44:58,780 --> 00:44:59,990 So how would you proceed? 827 00:45:01,908 --> 00:45:06,621 You're talking about turning theory into a practical weapons system 828 00:45:06,705 --> 00:45:07,998 faster than the Nazis. 829 00:45:08,081 --> 00:45:09,583 Who have a 12-month head start. 830 00:45:09,666 --> 00:45:11,751 -Eighteen. -How could you possibly know that? 831 00:45:11,835 --> 00:45:14,296 Our fast neutron research took six months. 832 00:45:14,379 --> 00:45:17,257 The man they've undoubtedly put in charge will have made that leap instantly. 833 00:45:17,340 --> 00:45:19,718 -Who do you think they put in charge? -Werner Heisenberg. 834 00:45:19,801 --> 00:45:24,055 He has the most intuitive understanding of atomic structure I have ever seen. 835 00:45:24,139 --> 00:45:25,640 -You know his work? -I know him. 836 00:45:25,724 --> 00:45:28,393 Just like I know Walther Bothe, Von Weizsäcker, Diebner. 837 00:45:28,476 --> 00:45:30,228 In a straight race, the Germans win. 838 00:45:30,312 --> 00:45:31,396 We've got one hope. 839 00:45:31,479 --> 00:45:32,689 Which is? 840 00:45:33,732 --> 00:45:35,066 Anti-Semitism. 841 00:45:36,526 --> 00:45:37,527 What? 842 00:45:37,611 --> 00:45:40,363 Hitler called quantum physics "Jewish science." 843 00:45:40,447 --> 00:45:41,781 Said it right to Einstein's face. 844 00:45:41,865 --> 00:45:45,660 Our one hope is that Hitler is so, so blinded by hate 845 00:45:45,744 --> 00:45:47,412 that he's denied Heisenberg proper resources, 846 00:45:47,495 --> 00:45:49,331 because it'll take vast resources. 847 00:45:49,414 --> 00:45:50,957 Our nation's best scientists, working together. 848 00:45:51,041 --> 00:45:52,208 Right now, they're scattered. 849 00:45:52,292 --> 00:45:54,085 Which gives us compartmentalization. 850 00:45:54,169 --> 00:45:57,088 All minds have to see the whole task to contribute efficiently. 851 00:45:57,172 --> 00:45:59,341 Poor security may cost us the race. 852 00:45:59,424 --> 00:46:00,717 Inefficiency will. 853 00:46:01,509 --> 00:46:03,219 The Germans know more than us anyway. 854 00:46:03,303 --> 00:46:04,763 The Russians don't. 855 00:46:06,348 --> 00:46:09,392 Remind me, who are we at war with? 856 00:46:09,476 --> 00:46:12,729 Somebody with your past doesn't wanna be seen downplaying 857 00:46:12,812 --> 00:46:16,191 the importance of security from our communist allies. 858 00:46:17,108 --> 00:46:19,027 Point taken. But, no. 859 00:46:19,611 --> 00:46:21,196 You don't get to say "no" to me. 860 00:46:21,279 --> 00:46:23,448 It's my job to say "no" to you when you're wrong. 861 00:46:24,032 --> 00:46:25,492 So you have the job now? 862 00:46:25,575 --> 00:46:27,577 Uh, I'm considering it. 863 00:46:30,372 --> 00:46:32,874 I'm starting to see where you got your reputation. 864 00:46:34,084 --> 00:46:35,627 My favorite response? 865 00:46:36,378 --> 00:46:38,713 "Oppenheimer couldn't run a hamburger stand." 866 00:46:39,297 --> 00:46:41,591 [chuckles] I couldn't. 867 00:46:43,718 --> 00:46:45,637 But I can run the Manhattan Project. 868 00:46:47,180 --> 00:46:49,015 There's a way to balance these things. 869 00:46:49,683 --> 00:46:53,103 Keep the Rad Lab here at Berkeley under Lawrence. 870 00:46:53,186 --> 00:46:55,271 Met Lab in Chicago under Szilard. 871 00:46:55,355 --> 00:46:57,732 Large scale refining, where did you say? Tennessee. 872 00:46:57,816 --> 00:46:59,401 -And Hanford. -And Hanford. 873 00:46:59,484 --> 00:47:02,904 All America's industrial might and scientific innovation, 874 00:47:02,988 --> 00:47:05,073 connected by rail. 875 00:47:05,156 --> 00:47:06,658 Focused on one goal. 876 00:47:06,741 --> 00:47:08,243 One point in space and time. 877 00:47:08,326 --> 00:47:09,452 And it comes together here. 878 00:47:09,536 --> 00:47:10,954 A secret laboratory. 879 00:47:11,037 --> 00:47:13,206 In the middle of nowhere, secure, self-sufficient, 880 00:47:13,289 --> 00:47:14,874 equipment, housing, the works. 881 00:47:14,958 --> 00:47:16,543 Keep everyone there until it's done. 882 00:47:17,293 --> 00:47:19,963 -I'll need the schools, stores, a church. -Why? 883 00:47:20,046 --> 00:47:23,174 If we don't let scientists bring their families, we'll never get the best. 884 00:47:23,258 --> 00:47:26,011 You want security, build a town, build it fast. 885 00:47:26,094 --> 00:47:27,470 Where? 886 00:47:31,266 --> 00:47:32,767 Welcome to Los Alamos. 887 00:47:32,851 --> 00:47:35,520 Now, there's a boys' school we'll have to commandeer 888 00:47:35,603 --> 00:47:37,313 and the local Indians come up here for burial rites. 889 00:47:37,397 --> 00:47:39,190 But, apart from that, nothing. 890 00:47:39,274 --> 00:47:40,692 Forty miles. Any direction. 891 00:47:40,775 --> 00:47:42,652 Enough to find the perfect spot. 892 00:47:42,736 --> 00:47:44,863 -What for? -Success. 893 00:47:50,535 --> 00:47:52,287 Build him a town. Fast. 894 00:47:54,414 --> 00:47:56,207 Let's go recruit some scientists. 895 00:47:56,791 --> 00:47:59,919 -Why would I leave my family? -I told you, you can bring your family. 896 00:48:00,003 --> 00:48:01,379 I'm not a soldier, Oppie. 897 00:48:01,463 --> 00:48:03,590 A soldier? He's a general. 898 00:48:03,673 --> 00:48:05,341 I've got all the soldier I need. 899 00:48:05,425 --> 00:48:07,385 What can I tell them? 900 00:48:07,469 --> 00:48:09,387 Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe, Bohr. 901 00:48:09,471 --> 00:48:10,847 What do these men have in common? 902 00:48:10,930 --> 00:48:12,640 The greatest minds on atomic theory. 903 00:48:12,724 --> 00:48:14,225 -Yes, and? -Uh... 904 00:48:14,809 --> 00:48:16,061 As much as you like... 905 00:48:17,479 --> 00:48:19,189 until you feel my boot on your balls. 906 00:48:20,231 --> 00:48:21,441 You know isotopes 907 00:48:21,524 --> 00:48:23,860 and you know explosives, better than anyone in the world. 908 00:48:23,943 --> 00:48:25,528 But you can't tell us what you're doing. 909 00:48:29,407 --> 00:48:31,743 -I don't know. -The Nazis have them. 910 00:48:31,826 --> 00:48:33,953 -Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen. -Under Nazi occupation. 911 00:48:34,037 --> 00:48:35,872 Did they stop printing newspapers in Princeton? 912 00:48:35,955 --> 00:48:39,709 Why would we go to the middle of nowhere for who knows how long? 913 00:48:39,793 --> 00:48:41,544 A year or two. Or three. 914 00:48:42,921 --> 00:48:45,882 General, could you give us a moment? 915 00:48:47,383 --> 00:48:50,011 It's about unleashing the strong force 916 00:48:51,554 --> 00:48:53,014 before the Nazis do. 917 00:48:53,848 --> 00:48:54,974 Oh, my God. 918 00:48:55,058 --> 00:48:57,352 -Niels won't work for the Nazis. -No, never. 919 00:48:57,435 --> 00:48:59,687 But while they have him, we don't. 920 00:48:59,771 --> 00:49:00,939 That's why I need you. 921 00:49:01,022 --> 00:49:02,941 Why would you think I'd do that? 922 00:49:03,024 --> 00:49:04,943 Why? Why? 923 00:49:05,026 --> 00:49:07,153 How about because this is the most important fucking thing 924 00:49:07,237 --> 00:49:09,280 to ever happen in the history of the world. 925 00:49:09,364 --> 00:49:11,825 How about that? Fuck. 926 00:49:17,122 --> 00:49:19,290 They are not gonna let me onto this project. 927 00:49:20,041 --> 00:49:23,795 And failing a security check is not gonna be good for a career, even after the war. 928 00:49:23,878 --> 00:49:25,505 So you're a fellow traveler. 929 00:49:25,588 --> 00:49:28,133 So what? This is a national emergency. 930 00:49:28,216 --> 00:49:31,261 I've got some skeletons, they put me in charge. 931 00:49:31,344 --> 00:49:32,345 They need us. 932 00:49:32,428 --> 00:49:33,888 Until they don't. 933 00:49:38,017 --> 00:49:40,186 Is there any chance of getting Bohr out of Denmark? 934 00:49:40,270 --> 00:49:41,396 [Groves] Nah, no dice. 935 00:49:41,479 --> 00:49:43,648 I checked with the British. 936 00:49:43,731 --> 00:49:45,733 Until we get Allied boots back onto the continent, 937 00:49:45,817 --> 00:49:46,776 there's just no way. 938 00:49:48,653 --> 00:49:49,779 Is he that important? 939 00:49:49,863 --> 00:49:52,907 How many people do you know who've proved Einstein wrong? 940 00:49:54,284 --> 00:49:56,202 You know, it really would be quicker to take a plane. 941 00:49:56,286 --> 00:49:57,829 No, plane's too risky. 942 00:49:57,912 --> 00:49:59,289 Country needs us. 943 00:50:00,081 --> 00:50:02,000 [construction equipment whirring] 944 00:50:02,876 --> 00:50:06,129 The Harvard guys, they say the building's too small for the cyclotron. 945 00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:10,425 Get them together with the architects. 946 00:50:13,970 --> 00:50:15,722 When's this place supposed to open? 947 00:50:18,725 --> 00:50:19,893 Two months. 948 00:50:21,060 --> 00:50:24,355 Robert, you're the great improviser, but this... 949 00:50:25,440 --> 00:50:26,733 you can't do in your head. 950 00:50:28,276 --> 00:50:29,569 Four divisions. 951 00:50:30,570 --> 00:50:34,157 Experimental, Theoretical, Metallurgical, Ordnance. 952 00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:35,325 Who's running Theoretical? 953 00:50:35,408 --> 00:50:36,618 I am. 954 00:50:36,701 --> 00:50:39,537 That's what I was afraid of. You're spread too thin. 955 00:50:40,914 --> 00:50:42,373 So you take Theoretical. 956 00:50:45,293 --> 00:50:47,879 I'm not coming here, Robert. 957 00:50:54,052 --> 00:50:55,053 Why not? 958 00:51:01,893 --> 00:51:05,563 You drop a bomb and it falls on the just, and the unjust. 959 00:51:06,940 --> 00:51:09,525 I don't wish the culmination of three centuries of physics 960 00:51:09,609 --> 00:51:11,527 to be a weapon of mass destruction. 961 00:51:21,371 --> 00:51:22,497 Izzy. 962 00:51:23,414 --> 00:51:27,669 I don't know if we can be trusted with such a weapon. 963 00:51:29,254 --> 00:51:32,215 But I know the Nazis can't. 964 00:51:36,386 --> 00:51:37,553 We have no choice. 965 00:51:40,431 --> 00:51:41,432 Then... 966 00:51:43,226 --> 00:51:45,895 the second thing you'll have to do is appoint Hans Bethe 967 00:51:45,979 --> 00:51:47,689 to run the theoretical division. 968 00:51:49,983 --> 00:51:51,901 Wait, what was the first? 969 00:51:51,985 --> 00:51:55,488 Take off that ridiculous uniform. You're a scientist. 970 00:51:55,571 --> 00:51:57,573 Groves is insisting we join. 971 00:51:57,657 --> 00:51:59,659 Tell Groves to go shit in his hat. 972 00:51:59,742 --> 00:52:01,786 They need us for who we are. 973 00:52:01,869 --> 00:52:04,372 So be yourself. Only better. 974 00:52:44,704 --> 00:52:46,247 -This is the only key. -[keys jangle] 975 00:52:46,331 --> 00:52:49,500 And Teller's already here. Shall I just show him in? 976 00:52:49,584 --> 00:52:52,628 -No, let's wait for the others. -[door opens] 977 00:52:59,260 --> 00:53:00,261 Let's get started. 978 00:53:01,054 --> 00:53:02,388 Hello, Edward. 979 00:53:02,472 --> 00:53:03,514 Yes . 980 00:53:03,598 --> 00:53:05,933 Gentlemen, so, we will work here 981 00:53:06,017 --> 00:53:08,811 until the T-section at Los Alamos is finished. 982 00:53:08,895 --> 00:53:09,896 Edward, can I please-- 983 00:53:09,979 --> 00:53:11,189 It is more important. 984 00:53:13,316 --> 00:53:17,362 When I calculated the chain reaction, I found a rather troubling possibility. 985 00:53:18,488 --> 00:53:21,032 No. This can't be right. 986 00:53:21,908 --> 00:53:23,368 Show me how you did your calculations. 987 00:53:23,451 --> 00:53:24,452 [Edward] Yes. 988 00:53:28,331 --> 00:53:31,542 -It's exponential. -No. No, no, no. No. 989 00:53:34,962 --> 00:53:36,506 This is fantasy. 990 00:53:36,589 --> 00:53:38,633 Teller's calculations can't be right. 991 00:53:39,258 --> 00:53:41,469 Do them yourself while I go to Princeton. 992 00:53:41,552 --> 00:53:43,554 -What for? -To talk to Einstein. 993 00:53:43,638 --> 00:53:45,932 There's not much common ground between you two. 994 00:53:46,015 --> 00:53:47,433 That's why I should get his view. 995 00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:54,440 -Albert. -Mmm? 996 00:53:54,524 --> 00:53:57,360 Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer. [chuckles] 997 00:53:57,443 --> 00:54:00,530 Well, have you met Dr. Gödel? We walk here most days. 998 00:54:00,613 --> 00:54:04,617 Trees are the most inspiring structures. 999 00:54:05,284 --> 00:54:06,744 Albert, might I have a word? 1000 00:54:07,620 --> 00:54:09,539 Of course . Excuse me, Kurt. 1001 00:54:11,374 --> 00:54:14,210 You know, some days, Kurt refuses to eat. 1002 00:54:14,293 --> 00:54:15,420 Even in Princeton. 1003 00:54:15,503 --> 00:54:18,840 He's convinced that the Nazis can poison his food. 1004 00:54:20,216 --> 00:54:21,384 Hmm? 1005 00:54:24,679 --> 00:54:25,721 Wha-- 1006 00:54:30,351 --> 00:54:33,062 Whose-- Whose work is this? 1007 00:54:33,146 --> 00:54:34,313 Teller's. 1008 00:54:35,398 --> 00:54:37,108 What do you take it to mean? 1009 00:54:37,900 --> 00:54:39,610 Neutrons smash into nucleus, 1010 00:54:39,694 --> 00:54:43,030 releasing neutrons to smash into other nuclei. 1011 00:54:43,948 --> 00:54:47,201 Criticality, a point of no return, massive explosive force. 1012 00:54:47,743 --> 00:54:49,912 But this time, the chain reaction doesn't stop. 1013 00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,207 It would ignite the atmosphere. 1014 00:54:55,168 --> 00:54:56,961 When we detonate an atomic device, 1015 00:54:57,044 --> 00:54:59,130 we might start a chain reaction that... 1016 00:55:00,548 --> 00:55:01,883 destroys the world. 1017 00:55:02,925 --> 00:55:04,594 So here we are, hmm? 1018 00:55:04,677 --> 00:55:09,015 Lost in your quantum world of probabilities 1019 00:55:09,098 --> 00:55:10,433 and needing certainty. 1020 00:55:11,476 --> 00:55:13,686 Can you run the calculations yourself? 1021 00:55:14,353 --> 00:55:18,649 About the only thing you and I have in common is a disdain for mathematics. 1022 00:55:18,733 --> 00:55:21,903 -Who's working on this in Berkeley? -Hans Bethe. 1023 00:55:21,986 --> 00:55:24,238 Well, he'll get to the truth. 1024 00:55:26,073 --> 00:55:28,159 And if the truth is catastrophic? 1025 00:55:28,868 --> 00:55:30,077 Then you stop. 1026 00:55:30,161 --> 00:55:33,122 And you share your findings with the Nazis. 1027 00:55:33,998 --> 00:55:36,417 So neither side destroys the world. 1028 00:55:40,254 --> 00:55:41,255 Robert. 1029 00:55:42,757 --> 00:55:44,884 This is yours, not mine. 1030 00:55:58,898 --> 00:56:00,274 [Bethe] Teller's wrong. 1031 00:56:00,358 --> 00:56:02,193 -He's wrong. -Shh, shh, shh... 1032 00:56:02,276 --> 00:56:03,778 [keys jangling] 1033 00:56:04,946 --> 00:56:06,113 [lock clicks] 1034 00:56:09,450 --> 00:56:10,535 [lock clicks] 1035 00:56:11,410 --> 00:56:13,829 [Bethe] When you know Teller's critical assumptions, 1036 00:56:13,913 --> 00:56:15,206 the real picture emerges. 1037 00:56:15,289 --> 00:56:16,374 Bottom line? 1038 00:56:17,208 --> 00:56:20,211 The chances of an uncontrolled nuclear reaction are near zero. 1039 00:56:20,294 --> 00:56:21,587 Near zero. 1040 00:56:23,047 --> 00:56:24,465 Oppie, this is good news. 1041 00:56:24,549 --> 00:56:25,591 Mmm. 1042 00:56:26,759 --> 00:56:29,637 -Can you run them again? -No, you'll get the same answer. 1043 00:56:29,720 --> 00:56:31,305 Till they actually detonate one of these things, 1044 00:56:31,389 --> 00:56:33,849 the best assurance you're going to get is this. 1045 00:56:33,933 --> 00:56:34,934 Near zero. 1046 00:56:37,562 --> 00:56:40,314 -[sighs] Theory will take you only so far. -Mmm. 1047 00:56:41,065 --> 00:56:43,734 -[Chevalier] Hello! -Hello, you. We missed him. 1048 00:56:44,277 --> 00:56:46,529 -You want to adopt? -She's kidding. 1049 00:56:46,612 --> 00:56:48,239 We wanted to see you before we left. 1050 00:56:48,990 --> 00:56:51,200 For parts unknown. 1051 00:56:52,702 --> 00:56:55,663 You know who I ran into the other day? Eltenton. 1052 00:56:56,330 --> 00:56:57,582 [Oppenheimer] Huh. 1053 00:56:57,665 --> 00:57:00,001 The chemist from Shell? The union guy? 1054 00:57:00,084 --> 00:57:02,628 [Chevalier] Yeah. The FAECT guy. 1055 00:57:04,046 --> 00:57:06,257 He was moaning about how we're handling the war. 1056 00:57:07,383 --> 00:57:08,801 How so? 1057 00:57:08,884 --> 00:57:11,762 Lack of cooperation with our allies. 1058 00:57:11,846 --> 00:57:15,975 Apparently our government's not sharing any research with the Russians. 1059 00:57:16,058 --> 00:57:19,854 Well, he said, "Most scientists think the policy is stupid." 1060 00:57:23,399 --> 00:57:25,151 -Oh, yeah? -Yeah. 1061 00:57:25,735 --> 00:57:29,822 He mentioned that if anyone had anything they wanted to pass on, 1062 00:57:30,698 --> 00:57:34,243 going around official channels, that he could help. 1063 00:57:42,960 --> 00:57:44,211 That would be treason. 1064 00:57:45,379 --> 00:57:46,797 Yes, of course. 1065 00:57:47,548 --> 00:57:49,175 I just thought you should know. 1066 00:57:51,802 --> 00:57:55,181 The brat is down. Where are the martinis? 1067 00:58:00,561 --> 00:58:02,063 Coming right up. 1068 00:58:02,146 --> 00:58:03,606 [Oppenheimer] The conversation ended there. 1069 00:58:03,689 --> 00:58:06,942 Nothing in our long-standing friendship would have led me to believe 1070 00:58:07,026 --> 00:58:09,987 that Chevalier was actually seeking information, 1071 00:58:10,071 --> 00:58:14,575 and I am certain that he had no idea of the work in which I was engaged. 1072 00:58:19,372 --> 00:58:20,998 It has long been clear to me 1073 00:58:21,082 --> 00:58:24,168 that I should have reported this incident at once. 1074 00:58:24,251 --> 00:58:26,962 [McGee] The Oppenheimer situation highlights the tension 1075 00:58:27,046 --> 00:58:30,299 between scientists and the security apparatus. 1076 00:58:30,383 --> 00:58:32,718 In hopes of learning how the nominee handled such issues 1077 00:58:32,802 --> 00:58:34,845 during his time at the AEC, 1078 00:58:34,929 --> 00:58:37,682 we'll have a scientist appearing before the committee. 1079 00:58:38,849 --> 00:58:41,352 -Who are they bringing in? -They haven't said. 1080 00:58:41,435 --> 00:58:42,645 Mr. Chairman, if I may, 1081 00:58:42,728 --> 00:58:45,314 I'm nominated for commerce secretary. 1082 00:58:45,398 --> 00:58:47,608 Why seek the opinion of scientists? 1083 00:58:47,692 --> 00:58:49,902 This is a cabinet post, Admiral. 1084 00:58:49,985 --> 00:58:52,697 We seek a wide range of opinion. 1085 00:58:52,780 --> 00:58:55,032 Well, I'd like to know the name of the scientist testifying, 1086 00:58:55,116 --> 00:58:56,534 I'd like the chance to cross-examine. 1087 00:58:57,118 --> 00:58:58,786 This is not a court. 1088 00:59:00,162 --> 00:59:01,163 Formality, huh? 1089 00:59:01,247 --> 00:59:04,959 No presidential Cabinet nominee has failed to be confirmed since 1925. 1090 00:59:05,042 --> 00:59:07,211 This is just how the game is played. 1091 00:59:07,294 --> 00:59:09,672 It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice. 1092 00:59:10,256 --> 00:59:11,966 They bring in a scientist, so what? 1093 00:59:12,049 --> 00:59:13,926 You don't know scientists like I do, Counselor. 1094 00:59:14,009 --> 00:59:16,178 They resent anyone who questions their judgment, 1095 00:59:16,262 --> 00:59:18,222 especially if you're not one of them. 1096 00:59:18,305 --> 00:59:19,765 I was chair of the AEC. 1097 00:59:19,849 --> 00:59:21,934 I'm easy to blame for what happened to Robert. 1098 00:59:22,017 --> 00:59:24,270 We can't have the Senate thinking the scientific community 1099 00:59:24,353 --> 00:59:25,813 doesn't support you, sir. 1100 00:59:26,939 --> 00:59:28,899 -Or should we pivot? -[Senate aide] To what? 1101 00:59:28,983 --> 00:59:30,443 And embrace it. 1102 00:59:30,526 --> 00:59:33,154 "I fought Oppenheimer and the US won." 1103 00:59:33,237 --> 00:59:34,822 I-I don't think we need to go there. 1104 00:59:34,905 --> 00:59:36,991 Isn't there someone we can call who knows what really happened? 1105 00:59:37,074 --> 00:59:38,659 -Teller. -He'll make an impression. 1106 00:59:38,743 --> 00:59:40,578 Can you get the name of the scientist they've called? 1107 00:59:40,661 --> 00:59:41,537 Probably. 1108 00:59:41,620 --> 00:59:44,665 Find out if he was based in Chicago or Los Alamos during the war. 1109 00:59:44,749 --> 00:59:45,958 Why does that matter? 1110 00:59:46,041 --> 00:59:48,753 If he was based in Chicago, he worked under Szilard and Fermi, 1111 00:59:48,836 --> 00:59:50,880 not the cult of Oppie at Los Alamos. 1112 00:59:50,963 --> 00:59:52,423 Robert built that damn place. 1113 00:59:52,506 --> 00:59:56,510 He was founder, mayor, sheriff, all rolled into one. 1114 01:00:02,600 --> 01:00:05,936 -[officer chattering on loudspeaker] -[Peter crying] 1115 01:00:08,939 --> 01:00:10,858 All it needs is a saloon. 1116 01:00:10,941 --> 01:00:12,318 [Peter continues crying] 1117 01:00:36,258 --> 01:00:37,551 [murmurs] 1118 01:00:38,427 --> 01:00:39,678 Let's go and see. 1119 01:00:40,596 --> 01:00:41,806 There's no kitchen. 1120 01:00:43,057 --> 01:00:45,309 Really? We'll fix that. 1121 01:00:52,316 --> 01:00:56,237 Barbed wire? Guns? Oppie. 1122 01:00:56,737 --> 01:00:58,322 [Oppenheimer] We're at war, Hans. 1123 01:01:00,825 --> 01:01:03,494 Halifax, 1917. 1124 01:01:03,577 --> 01:01:06,163 A cargo ship carrying munitions explodes in the harbor. 1125 01:01:08,833 --> 01:01:11,627 A vast and sudden chemical reaction. 1126 01:01:15,422 --> 01:01:18,133 The biggest man-made explosion in history. 1127 01:01:18,801 --> 01:01:21,554 Now let's calculate how much more destructive it would have been 1128 01:01:21,637 --> 01:01:25,224 if it were a nuclear, and not a chemical, reaction. 1129 01:01:25,307 --> 01:01:28,269 Expressing power in terms of tons of TNT. 1130 01:01:28,352 --> 01:01:29,770 But it will be thousands. 1131 01:01:30,354 --> 01:01:32,940 Well, then... kilotons. 1132 01:01:36,902 --> 01:01:41,323 -Using U-235, the bomb will need-- -Ah... 1133 01:01:42,449 --> 01:01:43,450 Right, sorry. 1134 01:01:43,534 --> 01:01:47,413 Gadget will need a 33-pound sphere about this size. 1135 01:01:47,496 --> 01:01:51,125 Or using plutonium, the ten-pound sphere. 1136 01:01:52,668 --> 01:01:56,672 Here's the amount of uranium Oak Ridge refined all of last month. 1137 01:02:00,718 --> 01:02:03,387 And the Hanford plant made this much plutonium. 1138 01:02:05,723 --> 01:02:09,435 Now, if we can enrich these amounts, we need a way to detonate them. 1139 01:02:09,518 --> 01:02:10,686 [paper rips] 1140 01:02:10,769 --> 01:02:12,146 Are we boring you, Edward? 1141 01:02:12,980 --> 01:02:14,356 A little bit, yes. 1142 01:02:14,440 --> 01:02:15,774 May I ask why? 1143 01:02:15,858 --> 01:02:19,153 We all entered this room knowing a fission bomb was possible. 1144 01:02:19,904 --> 01:02:22,865 -How about we leave it with something new? -Such as? 1145 01:02:22,948 --> 01:02:26,660 Instead of uranium or plutonium, we use hydrogen. 1146 01:02:26,744 --> 01:02:27,870 [all murmuring] 1147 01:02:27,953 --> 01:02:29,413 Heavy hydrogen. 1148 01:02:29,997 --> 01:02:31,081 Deuterium. 1149 01:02:31,582 --> 01:02:32,625 You see? 1150 01:02:32,708 --> 01:02:35,377 We compact the atoms together under great pressure 1151 01:02:35,461 --> 01:02:37,379 to induce a fusion reaction. 1152 01:02:38,464 --> 01:02:41,091 Then we'll get not kilotons, 1153 01:02:41,175 --> 01:02:42,259 but megatons. 1154 01:02:43,344 --> 01:02:45,179 Okay, hang on, hang on. 1155 01:02:45,262 --> 01:02:49,141 So how do you generate enough force to fuse hydrogen atoms? 1156 01:02:50,267 --> 01:02:51,727 A small fission bomb. 1157 01:02:52,478 --> 01:02:53,604 -Ah... -There we are! 1158 01:02:53,687 --> 01:02:55,481 [applause, laughter] 1159 01:02:55,564 --> 01:02:57,149 Well, since we're going to need one anyway, 1160 01:02:57,232 --> 01:02:59,193 can we get back to the business at hand? 1161 01:02:59,276 --> 01:03:00,444 [Bartlett] The isotopes issue 1162 01:03:00,527 --> 01:03:05,532 wasn't your most important policy disagreement with Dr. Oppenheimer, 1163 01:03:05,616 --> 01:03:08,160 it was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it? 1164 01:03:08,243 --> 01:03:13,374 As colleagues, we agreed to disagree on a great many things, uh, 1165 01:03:13,457 --> 01:03:17,252 and, well, one of them was the need for an H-bomb program, yes. 1166 01:03:17,920 --> 01:03:19,213 [siren wailing] 1167 01:03:30,683 --> 01:03:33,268 [Strauss] Thanks for convening on short notice. 1168 01:03:33,352 --> 01:03:34,770 I can't believe it. 1169 01:03:36,021 --> 01:03:37,314 Here we are. 1170 01:03:37,398 --> 01:03:39,358 Catch me up. What do we know? 1171 01:03:39,441 --> 01:03:43,529 One of our B-29s over the North Pacific has detected radiation. 1172 01:03:43,612 --> 01:03:45,197 Do we have the filter paper? 1173 01:03:45,280 --> 01:03:48,158 -There's no doubt what this is. -White House says there's a doubt. 1174 01:03:48,242 --> 01:03:49,660 Wishful thinking, I'm afraid. 1175 01:03:49,743 --> 01:03:52,538 Are those the long-range detection filter papers? 1176 01:03:53,497 --> 01:03:54,832 It's an atomic test. 1177 01:03:58,502 --> 01:04:00,212 The Russians have a bomb. 1178 01:04:00,295 --> 01:04:03,632 We're supposed to be years ahead of them, but some-- 1179 01:04:03,716 --> 01:04:07,136 What were you guys doing at Los Alamos? Wasn't security tight? 1180 01:04:07,219 --> 01:04:09,888 -Of course it was. You weren't there. -[Nichols] Forgive me, Doctor... 1181 01:04:11,932 --> 01:04:13,183 but I was there. 1182 01:04:14,143 --> 01:04:17,771 We can now consider the actual mechanics of detonation. 1183 01:04:17,855 --> 01:04:19,148 [Oppenheimer] Any ideas? 1184 01:04:19,231 --> 01:04:20,566 [Serber] I call this "shooting." 1185 01:04:20,649 --> 01:04:24,278 We fire a chunk of fissionable material into a larger sphere 1186 01:04:24,361 --> 01:04:26,905 with enough force to achieve criticality. 1187 01:04:26,989 --> 01:04:28,699 What do we think? Anyone? 1188 01:04:28,782 --> 01:04:30,451 [Tolman] I've been thinking about implosion. 1189 01:04:30,534 --> 01:04:33,537 Explosives around the sphere blast inwards, crushing the material. 1190 01:04:34,621 --> 01:04:36,457 I'd like to investigate that idea. 1191 01:04:36,540 --> 01:04:38,709 I'll talk to Ordnance, get you blowing things up. 1192 01:04:39,960 --> 01:04:41,920 -[Groves] Progress? -Nice to see you too. 1193 01:04:42,838 --> 01:04:44,673 Meet the British contingent. 1194 01:04:44,757 --> 01:04:46,425 Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs. 1195 01:04:46,508 --> 01:04:48,302 How long have you been British? 1196 01:04:48,385 --> 01:04:50,554 -Since Hitler told me I wasn't German. -Aha. 1197 01:04:51,263 --> 01:04:52,931 Come, welcome to Los Alamos. 1198 01:04:53,474 --> 01:04:55,225 School's up and running. 1199 01:04:55,309 --> 01:04:57,311 Bar... always running. 1200 01:04:58,395 --> 01:05:00,522 And I thought of a way to reduce support staff. 1201 01:05:01,982 --> 01:05:03,776 -Is that-- -[Oppenheimer] Mrs. Serber, yes. 1202 01:05:03,859 --> 01:05:07,321 I've offered jobs to all the wives. Admin, librarians, computation. 1203 01:05:07,404 --> 01:05:09,531 We cut down on staff, keep families together. 1204 01:05:09,615 --> 01:05:10,783 Are these women qualified? 1205 01:05:10,866 --> 01:05:13,952 Don't be absurd. These are some of the brightest minds in our community. 1206 01:05:14,036 --> 01:05:15,746 And they're already security cleared. 1207 01:05:15,829 --> 01:05:16,830 I've informed General Groves 1208 01:05:16,914 --> 01:05:19,374 you've been holding cross-divisional, open discussions on a nightly basis. 1209 01:05:19,458 --> 01:05:20,709 Shut them down. 1210 01:05:20,793 --> 01:05:23,378 Compartmentalization is the key to maintaining security-- 1211 01:05:23,462 --> 01:05:24,379 [Condon] It's only the top men. 1212 01:05:24,463 --> 01:05:26,423 Who presumably communicate with subordinates. 1213 01:05:26,507 --> 01:05:28,383 These men aren't stupid. They can be discreet. 1214 01:05:28,467 --> 01:05:29,426 I don't like it. 1215 01:05:29,510 --> 01:05:32,179 You don't like anything enough for that to be a fair test. 1216 01:05:38,102 --> 01:05:40,604 Once a week. Top men only. 1217 01:05:40,687 --> 01:05:43,107 -I'd like to bring my brother here. -No. 1218 01:05:44,691 --> 01:05:45,776 Nichols... 1219 01:05:47,277 --> 01:05:49,947 I still haven't heard that my security clearance has been approved. 1220 01:05:50,030 --> 01:05:51,949 -It hasn't. -We're going to Chicago tomorrow. 1221 01:05:52,032 --> 01:05:53,700 Well, you should wait. 1222 01:05:53,784 --> 01:05:56,328 You are aware that the Nazis have a two-year head start? 1223 01:05:56,411 --> 01:05:58,247 Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact that your security clearance 1224 01:05:58,330 --> 01:06:00,374 is proving difficult to obtain is not my fault. 1225 01:06:00,457 --> 01:06:01,792 It's yours. 1226 01:06:01,875 --> 01:06:03,544 May not be your fault, but it's your problem. 1227 01:06:03,627 --> 01:06:05,087 Because I'm going. 1228 01:06:05,170 --> 01:06:07,297 [Strauss] And how many people were in these, uh, 1229 01:06:08,090 --> 01:06:09,883 open discussions? 1230 01:06:09,967 --> 01:06:12,302 Too many. Compartmentalization was supposed to be the protocol. 1231 01:06:12,386 --> 01:06:14,179 We were in a race against the Nazis. 1232 01:06:14,263 --> 01:06:17,474 -And now the race is against the Soviets. -Not unless we start it. 1233 01:06:17,558 --> 01:06:21,603 Robert, they just fired a starting gun. 1234 01:06:21,687 --> 01:06:23,897 What's the nature of the device they detonated? 1235 01:06:23,981 --> 01:06:27,484 The data indicates it may have been a plutonium implosion device. 1236 01:06:27,568 --> 01:06:30,696 Like the one you built at Los Alamos. 1237 01:06:30,779 --> 01:06:33,699 The Russians have a bomb, Truman needs to know what's next. 1238 01:06:33,782 --> 01:06:35,659 What's next? Arms talks. 1239 01:06:35,742 --> 01:06:37,202 -Arms talks. -Obviously. 1240 01:06:38,412 --> 01:06:39,663 What about the Super? 1241 01:06:39,746 --> 01:06:43,375 Does Truman even know about it? Did we brief him on that? 1242 01:06:43,458 --> 01:06:44,543 Not specifically. 1243 01:06:44,626 --> 01:06:47,588 We still don't know if a hydrogen bomb's technically feasible. 1244 01:06:47,671 --> 01:06:49,756 My understanding is that Teller proposed it? 1245 01:06:49,840 --> 01:06:51,425 -[Oppenheimer] Yes. -At Los Alamos? 1246 01:06:51,508 --> 01:06:53,468 Teller's designs have always been wildly impractical. 1247 01:06:53,552 --> 01:06:55,554 You'd have to deliver by ox cart. 1248 01:06:55,637 --> 01:06:57,556 -Not airplane. -[Lawrence] Oppie. 1249 01:06:57,639 --> 01:06:59,892 I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence. Do you want to comment? 1250 01:07:01,685 --> 01:07:02,769 No. 1251 01:07:04,438 --> 01:07:07,024 Because if it can put us ahead again, 1252 01:07:07,107 --> 01:07:12,196 the President of the United States needs to know about it. 1253 01:07:12,279 --> 01:07:13,697 [scoffs] 1254 01:07:13,780 --> 01:07:18,660 And if the Russians know about it already from a spy at Los Alamos, 1255 01:07:18,744 --> 01:07:19,745 then we've gotta get going. 1256 01:07:19,828 --> 01:07:22,748 There's no proof there was a spy at Los Alamos. 1257 01:07:22,831 --> 01:07:23,832 Robert. 1258 01:07:28,462 --> 01:07:30,547 They put it under the football stadium? 1259 01:07:30,631 --> 01:07:32,507 The field's not in use anymore. 1260 01:07:32,591 --> 01:07:33,842 Just as well. 1261 01:07:36,637 --> 01:07:38,513 -Oppie. -Dr. Fermi. 1262 01:07:38,597 --> 01:07:40,682 Come stai? Va bene? 1263 01:07:41,391 --> 01:07:44,353 -I hear you got a little town. -Yes. Come and see. 1264 01:07:44,436 --> 01:07:45,437 [Szilard chuckles] 1265 01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:48,774 Who could think straight in a place like that? Huh? 1266 01:07:49,691 --> 01:07:51,652 Everybody will go crazy. 1267 01:07:52,486 --> 01:07:54,780 Thank you for the vote of confidence, Szilard. 1268 01:07:56,156 --> 01:07:58,700 Do we really-- Do we really need that in the notes? 1269 01:07:59,451 --> 01:08:01,453 When are you going to try it out? 1270 01:08:01,536 --> 01:08:03,205 We did. 1271 01:08:03,288 --> 01:08:06,541 [Fermi] The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. 1272 01:08:07,334 --> 01:08:08,710 Didn't Groves tell you? 1273 01:08:08,794 --> 01:08:10,462 -[Geiger counter humming] -No. 1274 01:08:15,259 --> 01:08:17,678 [soldier] One at a time, please. One at a time. 1275 01:08:18,220 --> 01:08:19,471 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1276 01:08:20,222 --> 01:08:23,225 I tried Personnel. They asked if I could type. 1277 01:08:23,308 --> 01:08:24,476 Can you? 1278 01:08:24,559 --> 01:08:27,187 Harvard forgot to teach that on the graduate chemistry course. 1279 01:08:29,189 --> 01:08:31,733 Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here on the plutonium team. 1280 01:08:37,114 --> 01:08:39,408 What the hell were you doing in Chicago? 1281 01:08:39,491 --> 01:08:40,701 Visiting the Met? 1282 01:08:40,784 --> 01:08:41,827 Why? 1283 01:08:41,910 --> 01:08:43,954 -Why? -Because we have every right-- 1284 01:08:44,037 --> 01:08:47,708 You have just the rights that I give you. No more, no less. 1285 01:08:48,292 --> 01:08:50,210 We are adults trying to run a project here. 1286 01:08:50,294 --> 01:08:51,837 This is ridiculous. 1287 01:08:51,920 --> 01:08:52,921 Tell him. 1288 01:08:54,506 --> 01:08:57,301 Compartmentalization is the protocol we agreed to. 1289 01:08:58,552 --> 01:08:59,761 Enough of this madhouse. 1290 01:08:59,845 --> 01:09:01,763 Nobody can work under these conditions. 1291 01:09:01,847 --> 01:09:04,725 You know what, Generalissimo? 1292 01:09:04,808 --> 01:09:06,184 I quit. 1293 01:09:06,268 --> 01:09:07,477 Thanks for nothing. 1294 01:09:09,730 --> 01:09:11,273 [Groves] Better off without him. 1295 01:09:11,356 --> 01:09:12,399 [door slams] 1296 01:09:12,482 --> 01:09:15,527 Aren't you more concerned about his discretion out there? 1297 01:09:16,653 --> 01:09:18,113 We'll have him killed. 1298 01:09:19,990 --> 01:09:21,408 I was just kidding. [chuckles] 1299 01:09:21,992 --> 01:09:23,785 No, he hates me, not America. 1300 01:09:24,411 --> 01:09:27,331 You know, General, not everyone has levers to pull like mine. 1301 01:09:27,414 --> 01:09:28,749 I don't think I understand. 1302 01:09:29,374 --> 01:09:31,418 You didn't hire me despite my left-wing past, 1303 01:09:31,501 --> 01:09:33,086 you hired me because of it. 1304 01:09:34,046 --> 01:09:36,006 So you could control me. 1305 01:09:36,089 --> 01:09:38,675 Well, I'm not that subtle. 1306 01:09:38,759 --> 01:09:40,260 I'm just a humble soldier. 1307 01:09:40,344 --> 01:09:42,346 You're neither humble, nor just a soldier. 1308 01:09:42,429 --> 01:09:45,182 -You studied engineering at MIT. -Guilty as charged. 1309 01:09:45,265 --> 01:09:46,600 Well, now we understand each other, 1310 01:09:46,683 --> 01:09:48,268 perhaps you can get me my security clearance 1311 01:09:48,352 --> 01:09:50,437 so I can perform this miracle for you. 1312 01:09:56,360 --> 01:09:58,695 [attorney] General Groves, were you aware of Dr. Oppenheimer's 1313 01:09:58,779 --> 01:10:01,239 left-wing associations when you appointed him? 1314 01:10:01,323 --> 01:10:03,408 [Groves] I was aware that there were suspicions about him. 1315 01:10:03,492 --> 01:10:06,578 I was aware he had a very extreme, liberal background. 1316 01:10:06,661 --> 01:10:09,623 In your opinion, would he ever consciously commit a disloyal act? 1317 01:10:09,706 --> 01:10:11,625 I would be amazed if he did. 1318 01:10:11,708 --> 01:10:14,503 [attorney] So you had complete confidence in his integrity? 1319 01:10:14,586 --> 01:10:17,172 At Los Alamos, yes, which is where I really knew him. 1320 01:10:17,255 --> 01:10:19,925 General, did your security officers on the project 1321 01:10:20,008 --> 01:10:22,260 advise you against the clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer? 1322 01:10:22,344 --> 01:10:26,306 They could not and would not clear him until I insisted. 1323 01:10:26,390 --> 01:10:28,058 And it's safe to say that you had a pretty good knowledge 1324 01:10:28,141 --> 01:10:29,851 of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file. 1325 01:10:29,935 --> 01:10:31,019 I did. 1326 01:10:31,603 --> 01:10:34,189 There's only really one question I need answered here today. 1327 01:10:34,272 --> 01:10:38,860 In light of the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1328 01:10:38,944 --> 01:10:40,737 Do you have the guidelines? 1329 01:10:48,203 --> 01:10:53,959 [Robb] Under current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1330 01:10:54,626 --> 01:10:57,838 -[rooster crows] -[car approaching] 1331 01:11:03,343 --> 01:11:05,053 [car door opens, closes] 1332 01:11:05,762 --> 01:11:07,431 Physics and New Mexico, huh? 1333 01:11:07,514 --> 01:11:08,765 [chuckles] 1334 01:11:08,849 --> 01:11:09,850 My God. 1335 01:11:10,392 --> 01:11:11,893 What a trek. 1336 01:11:11,977 --> 01:11:13,311 That's why you need a liaison. 1337 01:11:13,395 --> 01:11:14,771 I'm appointing Lomanitz. 1338 01:11:15,939 --> 01:11:17,065 You're gonna be okay. 1339 01:11:17,149 --> 01:11:18,400 This way, gentlemen. 1340 01:11:20,652 --> 01:11:22,362 [beakers clinking] 1341 01:11:22,446 --> 01:11:24,281 [gas hissing] 1342 01:11:28,452 --> 01:11:30,245 -Dr. Lawrence. -Leslie. 1343 01:11:30,787 --> 01:11:32,789 I'd like to remind you what we talked about in Berkeley. 1344 01:11:32,873 --> 01:11:34,749 Compartmentalization. I understand completely. 1345 01:11:38,253 --> 01:11:39,379 [chattering] 1346 01:11:40,672 --> 01:11:41,673 Thank you. 1347 01:11:46,470 --> 01:11:48,513 [all cheering] 1348 01:11:50,140 --> 01:11:51,475 [Lawrence] Greetings from Berkeley. 1349 01:11:51,558 --> 01:11:54,895 I am here to update you on our progress and solicit your input. 1350 01:11:54,978 --> 01:11:57,189 To do so, I am going to have to share a few things 1351 01:11:57,272 --> 01:11:59,941 that General Groves told me not to. 1352 01:12:00,025 --> 01:12:02,861 Sorry, General, I said I understood, not that I agreed. 1353 01:12:02,944 --> 01:12:04,446 -[all chuckling] -[Lawrence] Okay. 1354 01:12:04,529 --> 01:12:06,072 Gentlemen, to business. 1355 01:12:06,656 --> 01:12:09,201 There were rumors of espionage at Los Alamos. 1356 01:12:09,284 --> 01:12:10,410 Unsubstantiated. 1357 01:12:10,494 --> 01:12:13,580 [Strauss] I'm told that there were communists on the project. 1358 01:12:13,663 --> 01:12:15,916 We didn't knowingly employ any communists. 1359 01:12:15,999 --> 01:12:18,335 Were any of them involved in discussions of the Super? 1360 01:12:18,418 --> 01:12:21,004 I seem to remember you demanding your brother come to Los Alamos. 1361 01:12:21,087 --> 01:12:22,756 My brother had left the Party by then. 1362 01:12:22,839 --> 01:12:23,840 What about Lomanitz? 1363 01:12:23,924 --> 01:12:26,885 Lomanitz was never employed at Los Alamos. He was a liaison. 1364 01:12:26,968 --> 01:12:29,763 Our security was tight, as former Colonel Nichols well knows. 1365 01:12:29,846 --> 01:12:32,557 Our security was as tight as it could be given the personalities involved, 1366 01:12:32,641 --> 01:12:33,892 but attempts were made. 1367 01:12:33,975 --> 01:12:36,811 -What is that supposed to mean? -We've all read his file here. 1368 01:12:37,646 --> 01:12:39,814 Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock? 1369 01:12:40,732 --> 01:12:42,943 Or the Chevalier incident? 1370 01:12:47,364 --> 01:12:48,448 Excuse me. 1371 01:12:50,283 --> 01:12:53,245 -[phone ringing] -[secretary] That's Lomanitz, on line one. 1372 01:12:59,876 --> 01:13:00,961 Hello, Rossi. 1373 01:13:01,044 --> 01:13:04,047 What? Okay, just calm down. 1374 01:13:05,090 --> 01:13:06,383 There's been another screw-up. 1375 01:13:06,466 --> 01:13:08,134 Lomanitz just got drafted. 1376 01:13:08,218 --> 01:13:10,845 -We are at war, Doctor. -Don't be an asshole, Nichols. 1377 01:13:10,929 --> 01:13:12,931 We need this kid. Fix it, will you? 1378 01:13:13,014 --> 01:13:14,391 It wasn't a mistake. 1379 01:13:14,474 --> 01:13:17,269 Your friend Lomanitz has been trying to unionize the Radiation Lab. 1380 01:13:17,352 --> 01:13:18,979 He promised to quit all that. 1381 01:13:19,062 --> 01:13:20,438 Well, he hasn't. 1382 01:13:21,231 --> 01:13:24,234 Security officer at Berkeley's concerned about communist infiltration 1383 01:13:24,317 --> 01:13:26,152 through that union, the FA-- 1384 01:13:26,236 --> 01:13:28,071 FAECT. 1385 01:13:30,532 --> 01:13:32,784 Well, I'm there next week, I'll... 1386 01:13:32,867 --> 01:13:34,202 drop in to see him. 1387 01:13:36,204 --> 01:13:37,831 Your Q clearance came through. 1388 01:13:41,751 --> 01:13:45,255 It's important you not maintain or renew any questionable associations. 1389 01:13:50,093 --> 01:13:52,178 [Robb] Doctor, did you think social contacts 1390 01:13:52,262 --> 01:13:56,349 between a person engaged on secret war work and communists was dangerous? 1391 01:13:56,433 --> 01:13:59,436 My awareness of the danger would be greater today. 1392 01:14:00,186 --> 01:14:03,023 I mean, it's fair to say that during the war years, 1393 01:14:03,106 --> 01:14:06,318 you felt that such contacts were potentially dangerous? 1394 01:14:11,406 --> 01:14:12,657 [elevator bell dings] 1395 01:14:12,741 --> 01:14:15,076 [Oppenheimer] Were conceivably dangerous, yes. 1396 01:14:15,869 --> 01:14:19,289 [Robb] I mean, really? Known communists? 1397 01:14:22,250 --> 01:14:23,251 [Oppenheimer] Look... 1398 01:14:24,419 --> 01:14:28,590 I've had a lot of secrets in my head for a long time. 1399 01:14:29,799 --> 01:14:34,012 Doesn't matter who I associate with. I don't talk about those secrets. 1400 01:14:41,645 --> 01:14:43,271 [Robb] You said in your statement 1401 01:14:44,356 --> 01:14:45,482 that you had 1402 01:14:46,608 --> 01:14:48,902 to see Jean Tatlock in 1943. 1403 01:14:50,695 --> 01:14:52,072 You left. 1404 01:14:53,448 --> 01:14:54,699 Not a word. 1405 01:14:55,367 --> 01:14:57,369 What did you think that would do to me? 1406 01:14:58,662 --> 01:14:59,663 I wrote. 1407 01:14:59,746 --> 01:15:01,748 Pages of nothing. 1408 01:15:04,250 --> 01:15:06,002 Where did you go? 1409 01:15:07,712 --> 01:15:09,214 -I can't tell you. -Why not? 1410 01:15:09,297 --> 01:15:10,840 Because you're a communist. 1411 01:15:13,468 --> 01:15:15,470 Why did you have to see her? 1412 01:15:15,553 --> 01:15:20,308 Because she had indicated a great desire to see me before we left. 1413 01:15:20,392 --> 01:15:25,021 At that time, I couldn't, but I felt that she had to see me. 1414 01:15:25,105 --> 01:15:27,774 She was undergoing psychiatric treatment. 1415 01:15:27,857 --> 01:15:29,901 She was extremely unhappy. 1416 01:15:29,984 --> 01:15:32,195 Did you find out why she had to see you? 1417 01:15:37,158 --> 01:15:39,244 Because she was still in love with me. 1418 01:15:46,626 --> 01:15:48,378 Spent the night together, didn't you? 1419 01:15:56,428 --> 01:15:57,512 [Oppenheimer] Yes. 1420 01:16:03,893 --> 01:16:06,938 You drop in and out of my life 1421 01:16:07,021 --> 01:16:09,482 and you don't have to tell me why. 1422 01:16:09,566 --> 01:16:10,942 Now, that's power. 1423 01:16:11,025 --> 01:16:13,069 Not that I enjoy. 1424 01:16:13,862 --> 01:16:16,281 I'd rather be here for you as you need. 1425 01:16:16,364 --> 01:16:18,783 But you have other priorities now. 1426 01:16:19,576 --> 01:16:21,369 I have a wife and child. 1427 01:16:22,662 --> 01:16:25,081 That's not what either of us is talking about. 1428 01:16:28,835 --> 01:16:29,878 Jean. 1429 01:16:30,754 --> 01:16:32,297 You asked me to come. 1430 01:16:33,423 --> 01:16:35,049 And I'm glad I did. 1431 01:16:35,925 --> 01:16:37,594 But I can't see you again. 1432 01:16:40,930 --> 01:16:42,599 But what if I need you? 1433 01:16:46,561 --> 01:16:48,563 You said you would always answer. 1434 01:16:51,441 --> 01:16:52,692 Not a word. 1435 01:16:53,818 --> 01:16:56,154 [Robb] Did you think that consistent with good security? 1436 01:16:56,237 --> 01:16:59,115 -[rhythmic thudding] -As a matter of fact, it was. Not a word. 1437 01:16:59,199 --> 01:17:00,617 [thudding intensifies] 1438 01:17:00,700 --> 01:17:02,410 [Robb] When did you see her after that? 1439 01:17:08,833 --> 01:17:10,084 [thudding stops] 1440 01:17:10,752 --> 01:17:12,253 I never saw her again. 1441 01:17:18,843 --> 01:17:21,221 I can make the last train back to Princeton. 1442 01:17:21,971 --> 01:17:24,516 Kitty, I didn't say anything that I hadn't already told you. 1443 01:17:24,599 --> 01:17:27,769 -Today you said it to history, didn't you? -This is a closed hearing. 1444 01:17:29,979 --> 01:17:32,565 If they don't release the transcript, I'm sure you will. 1445 01:17:32,649 --> 01:17:33,650 I was under oath. 1446 01:17:33,733 --> 01:17:36,736 Well, you were under an oath to me when you went to see Jean. 1447 01:17:37,779 --> 01:17:39,155 You know, you... 1448 01:17:39,989 --> 01:17:41,449 you sit there, 1449 01:17:41,533 --> 01:17:42,534 day after day, 1450 01:17:43,660 --> 01:17:45,995 letting them pick our lives to pieces. 1451 01:17:48,414 --> 01:17:49,874 Why won't you fight? 1452 01:17:53,419 --> 01:17:56,130 [attorney] Robert, I'm not putting her up there. 1453 01:18:01,845 --> 01:18:04,597 Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor. Please, take a seat. 1454 01:18:04,681 --> 01:18:06,474 No need, I just wanted to check 1455 01:18:06,558 --> 01:18:10,520 whether I should talk to Lomanitz while I'm here, given your concerns. 1456 01:18:10,603 --> 01:18:13,481 Well, I'd say that's really up to you, Professor, but I'd be cautious. 1457 01:18:13,565 --> 01:18:14,899 Uh-huh. Understood. 1458 01:18:14,983 --> 01:18:17,527 Oh, and, um... [clears throat] ...as regards to the union, 1459 01:18:17,610 --> 01:18:21,155 I wanted to give you a heads-up on a man named Eltenton. 1460 01:18:21,239 --> 01:18:22,782 -A heads-up? -Yes. 1461 01:18:22,866 --> 01:18:25,702 Just that he might merit watching, is all. 1462 01:18:27,245 --> 01:18:28,621 I'd love to get more details. 1463 01:18:28,705 --> 01:18:32,041 Well, I have an appointment now, and I leave early tomorrow. 1464 01:18:32,125 --> 01:18:35,712 Well, come back as early as you like. Since you haven't time now. 1465 01:18:36,880 --> 01:18:38,506 You went back the next morning. 1466 01:18:38,590 --> 01:18:40,550 I did. I had to, really. 1467 01:18:41,342 --> 01:18:42,760 This time there was another man. 1468 01:18:45,013 --> 01:18:46,347 He said his name was Pash. 1469 01:18:46,431 --> 01:18:49,017 Pash. You met Colonel Pash? 1470 01:18:49,100 --> 01:18:54,230 [Robb] Colonel Pash, could you please read from your memo dated June 29, 1943? 1471 01:18:55,982 --> 01:18:58,443 [Pash] "Results of surveillance conducted on subject 1472 01:18:58,526 --> 01:19:01,404 indicate further possible Communist Party connections. 1473 01:19:01,487 --> 01:19:03,823 Subject met with, and spent considerable time with, 1474 01:19:03,907 --> 01:19:05,783 one Jean Tatlock, communist, 1475 01:19:05,867 --> 01:19:07,285 the record of whom is attached." 1476 01:19:07,368 --> 01:19:09,954 -The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer? -[Pash] Yes. 1477 01:19:10,038 --> 01:19:11,706 [Robb] Whom you had not met? 1478 01:19:11,789 --> 01:19:13,124 [Pash] Not then, but soon after. 1479 01:19:13,207 --> 01:19:15,752 He's the head of security for the project. Shouldn't I know him? 1480 01:19:15,835 --> 01:19:19,380 No, he should know you. I would never put you in a room with Pash. 1481 01:19:19,464 --> 01:19:20,423 Why not? 1482 01:19:21,007 --> 01:19:22,884 When Pash first heard about Lomanitz, 1483 01:19:22,967 --> 01:19:25,887 he told the FBI he was gonna kidnap him, 1484 01:19:25,970 --> 01:19:27,722 take him out on a boat, 1485 01:19:27,805 --> 01:19:30,183 and interrogate him in the Russian manner. 1486 01:19:33,227 --> 01:19:35,396 General Groves has placed in me a certain responsibility, 1487 01:19:35,480 --> 01:19:37,649 and it's like having a child who I can't see. 1488 01:19:38,691 --> 01:19:40,026 By remote control. 1489 01:19:41,361 --> 01:19:42,737 So to actually meet you is... 1490 01:19:44,697 --> 01:19:46,950 -I won't take up too much of your time. -No, not at all. 1491 01:19:47,033 --> 01:19:48,242 Whatever time you choose. 1492 01:19:49,494 --> 01:19:51,621 Mr. Johnson told me of a conversation you had yesterday 1493 01:19:51,704 --> 01:19:52,997 in which I'm very interested. 1494 01:19:53,081 --> 01:19:55,291 It's had me worried all day. 1495 01:19:55,375 --> 01:19:58,920 Yes, well, I didn't want to talk to Lomanitz without authorization. 1496 01:19:59,003 --> 01:20:00,922 That's not the particular interest that I have. 1497 01:20:01,005 --> 01:20:02,465 It's something a little bit more... 1498 01:20:03,967 --> 01:20:05,426 in my opinion, more serious. 1499 01:20:05,510 --> 01:20:08,304 Now, when the FBI pointed out that such information 1500 01:20:08,388 --> 01:20:09,722 wouldn't be admissible in court, 1501 01:20:09,806 --> 01:20:13,935 Pash made it clear he had no intention of leaving any witness left to prosecute. 1502 01:20:14,018 --> 01:20:17,105 Now, the FBI talked him down, but that's the man you're dancing with. 1503 01:20:17,188 --> 01:20:19,899 I gather you've heard there are other parties 1504 01:20:19,983 --> 01:20:21,985 interested in the work of the Radiation Lab? 1505 01:20:23,069 --> 01:20:29,450 A man attached to the Soviet Consul indicated through intermediate people 1506 01:20:30,034 --> 01:20:34,580 to people on this project that he was in a position to transmit information. 1507 01:20:34,664 --> 01:20:37,041 Why would anyone on the project wanna do that? 1508 01:20:38,960 --> 01:20:41,295 Frankly, I can see that there might be an argument 1509 01:20:41,379 --> 01:20:43,756 for the commander-in-chief informing the Russians. 1510 01:20:43,840 --> 01:20:45,842 They're our allies after all. 1511 01:20:45,925 --> 01:20:48,720 But I don't like the idea of it going out the back door. 1512 01:20:48,803 --> 01:20:51,014 It might not hurt to be on the lookout for it. 1513 01:20:52,223 --> 01:20:54,017 And you said that to Pash? 1514 01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:58,312 I was trying to put it in the context of "Russia's not Germany." 1515 01:20:58,396 --> 01:21:02,900 Boris Pash is the son of a Russian Orthodox bishop. 1516 01:21:02,984 --> 01:21:04,902 Born here, but in 1918, 1517 01:21:04,986 --> 01:21:07,405 he went back to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks. 1518 01:21:07,488 --> 01:21:10,324 This is a man who has killed communists with his own hands. 1519 01:21:10,408 --> 01:21:13,536 I'm not the judge of who should or should not have information. 1520 01:21:13,619 --> 01:21:16,205 It's my business to stop it from going through illegally. 1521 01:21:16,289 --> 01:21:18,166 Would you be a little more specific? 1522 01:21:20,752 --> 01:21:24,464 There's a man whose name was mentioned to me a couple of times. 1523 01:21:24,547 --> 01:21:25,548 Eltenton. 1524 01:21:26,674 --> 01:21:29,802 Uh, I believe he's a chemist who works at Shell. 1525 01:21:29,886 --> 01:21:33,014 He talked to a friend of his 1526 01:21:33,097 --> 01:21:35,933 who's an acquaintance of someone on the project. 1527 01:21:37,643 --> 01:21:40,063 And you thought Pash would be satisfied with that? 1528 01:21:40,146 --> 01:21:43,983 I was attempting to give them Eltenton without opening a can of worms. 1529 01:21:44,067 --> 01:21:45,943 I told them a cock-and-bull story. 1530 01:21:46,027 --> 01:21:47,528 Did you lie to General Groves too? 1531 01:21:47,612 --> 01:21:51,115 No. I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash. 1532 01:21:51,199 --> 01:21:52,909 [attorney] Do you recall this conversation 1533 01:21:52,992 --> 01:21:54,452 about the Chevalier incident? 1534 01:21:54,535 --> 01:21:57,497 [scoffs] I've seen so many versions of it, 1535 01:21:57,580 --> 01:22:00,083 I wasn't confused before but I'm certainly getting there now. 1536 01:22:00,166 --> 01:22:01,375 [attorney] What was your conclusion? 1537 01:22:01,459 --> 01:22:06,756 That he was under the influence of the typical American schoolboy attitude 1538 01:22:06,839 --> 01:22:10,301 that there's something wicked about telling on a friend. 1539 01:22:10,384 --> 01:22:11,552 Well, now... 1540 01:22:12,303 --> 01:22:14,889 Might we know through whom the contact was made? 1541 01:22:15,473 --> 01:22:19,268 That would involve people who are not to be involved in this. 1542 01:22:19,352 --> 01:22:22,188 Is that someone a member of the project? 1543 01:22:22,772 --> 01:22:26,234 A member of the faculty, yes, but not in the project, no. 1544 01:22:26,317 --> 01:22:27,318 Ah. 1545 01:22:27,860 --> 01:22:32,490 So Eltenton made his approach through a member of the faculty here at Berkeley? 1546 01:22:34,408 --> 01:22:36,869 As far as I know-- As far as I know, yes. 1547 01:22:36,953 --> 01:22:38,871 But... [stammers] ...there may have been... 1548 01:22:39,747 --> 01:22:41,457 more than one person involved. 1549 01:22:46,504 --> 01:22:50,424 Gentlemen, if I-- If I seem uncooperative, I think you can understand 1550 01:22:50,508 --> 01:22:51,634 it's because of my insistence 1551 01:22:51,717 --> 01:22:54,595 in not getting innocent people into trouble. 1552 01:22:54,679 --> 01:22:57,515 You're trying to protect your friend. Who's protecting you? 1553 01:22:57,598 --> 01:23:00,184 -Well, you could. -If you gave me the name. 1554 01:23:00,268 --> 01:23:01,853 If you order me to, I'll do it. 1555 01:23:01,936 --> 01:23:05,022 That is a mistake, Robert. You need to volunteer this name. 1556 01:23:06,607 --> 01:23:08,901 -[Robb] And did he give you the name? -[Groves] He did. 1557 01:23:08,985 --> 01:23:10,278 -[Robb] But not then, did he? -No. 1558 01:23:10,361 --> 01:23:12,864 No. In fact, it was some months later, wasn't it? 1559 01:23:12,947 --> 01:23:13,948 It was. 1560 01:23:14,031 --> 01:23:16,826 -You see me as persistent. -Well, you are-- 1561 01:23:16,909 --> 01:23:18,870 You are persistent, but that is your job. 1562 01:23:18,953 --> 01:23:22,498 And-And my job is to protect the people that work for me. 1563 01:23:22,582 --> 01:23:26,335 Instead of us going on certain steps, which may come to your attention... 1564 01:23:28,004 --> 01:23:29,922 and be disturbing to you, 1565 01:23:30,006 --> 01:23:32,258 I would like to discuss those with you first. 1566 01:23:33,009 --> 01:23:36,679 I'm not formulating a plan. I'll just have to digest the whole thing. 1567 01:23:41,017 --> 01:23:44,103 In the months in between your interview with Dr. Oppenheimer 1568 01:23:44,187 --> 01:23:46,772 and his eventual naming of Chevalier, 1569 01:23:46,856 --> 01:23:49,775 did you expend resources trying to find the name of the intermediary? 1570 01:23:49,859 --> 01:23:52,236 Considerable resources, yes. 1571 01:23:52,320 --> 01:23:54,363 Without the name, our job was extremely difficult. 1572 01:23:54,447 --> 01:23:55,823 And when did you receive the name? 1573 01:23:55,907 --> 01:23:58,784 I was gone by the time Oppenheimer finally offered it up. 1574 01:23:58,868 --> 01:23:59,744 Gone? 1575 01:23:59,827 --> 01:24:01,954 They felt my time would be better spent in Europe 1576 01:24:02,038 --> 01:24:04,373 determining the status of the Nazi bomb project. 1577 01:24:04,457 --> 01:24:05,625 Who did? 1578 01:24:06,876 --> 01:24:07,919 General Groves. 1579 01:24:08,878 --> 01:24:10,338 He transferred me to London. 1580 01:24:13,257 --> 01:24:14,258 [marbles clattering] 1581 01:24:17,178 --> 01:24:19,013 [Serber] It's a little early for a Christmas party. 1582 01:24:19,096 --> 01:24:22,266 Something's up. Tolman's been away. 1583 01:24:23,351 --> 01:24:24,352 Where? 1584 01:24:24,852 --> 01:24:26,020 Ruth won't tell. 1585 01:24:29,023 --> 01:24:30,900 [chattering] 1586 01:24:30,983 --> 01:24:31,984 Hey! 1587 01:24:36,239 --> 01:24:39,367 Come on, Ruthie. Can't tell me, who can you tell? 1588 01:24:39,951 --> 01:24:41,410 Compartmentalization, Oppie. 1589 01:24:42,119 --> 01:24:44,664 What makes you think I know where he is anyway? 1590 01:24:44,747 --> 01:24:46,499 'Cause you do a pretty good job of knowing 1591 01:24:46,582 --> 01:24:48,417 where Mr. Tolman is when it counts. 1592 01:24:49,085 --> 01:24:50,086 Like now? 1593 01:24:50,169 --> 01:24:53,506 [Groves] Attention! 1594 01:24:53,589 --> 01:24:55,049 [chattering stops] Server error 502. Retrying 1/3... 1595 01:24:56,342 --> 01:24:58,386 [Groves] Early Christmas present for you all. 1596 01:24:59,303 --> 01:25:01,097 [scattered laughter] 1597 01:25:02,890 --> 01:25:05,101 [cheering] 1598 01:25:06,811 --> 01:25:09,146 [Bohr] The British pilots put me in the bomb bay. 1599 01:25:09,230 --> 01:25:12,233 Showed me the-the oxygen, you know, but I messed it up. 1600 01:25:12,316 --> 01:25:13,317 [scattered laughter] 1601 01:25:13,401 --> 01:25:15,695 When they opened me up in Scotland, I was unconscious. 1602 01:25:15,778 --> 01:25:18,739 -But I pretended I'd been napping. -[laughing] 1603 01:25:18,823 --> 01:25:20,241 [Bohr] Please enjoy your party. 1604 01:25:21,450 --> 01:25:22,785 Is it big enough? 1605 01:25:22,868 --> 01:25:24,245 To end the war? 1606 01:25:24,912 --> 01:25:27,039 To end all war. 1607 01:25:29,959 --> 01:25:33,963 -Heisenberg sought me out in Copenhagen. -[marbles clattering] 1608 01:25:34,714 --> 01:25:37,967 It was chilling, my old student working for the Nazis. 1609 01:25:38,050 --> 01:25:41,762 He told me some things to draw me out. 1610 01:25:42,722 --> 01:25:45,683 Sustained fission reactions in uranium. 1611 01:25:45,766 --> 01:25:47,852 That sounds more like a reactor than a bomb. 1612 01:25:47,935 --> 01:25:49,687 Did he mention gaseous diffusion? 1613 01:25:49,770 --> 01:25:51,981 He seemed more focused on heavy water. 1614 01:25:52,064 --> 01:25:53,816 As a moderator? 1615 01:25:53,899 --> 01:25:55,151 Yes, instead of graphite. 1616 01:25:55,234 --> 01:25:57,111 [Bethe laughs] 1617 01:25:58,237 --> 01:25:59,530 What? 1618 01:26:00,614 --> 01:26:03,367 He took a wrong turn. We're ahead. 1619 01:26:03,451 --> 01:26:05,369 And with you here to help us, Niels... 1620 01:26:05,453 --> 01:26:09,123 Sorry, could you-- could you give us a moment, gentlemen? 1621 01:26:09,206 --> 01:26:10,291 [glasses clinking] 1622 01:26:15,629 --> 01:26:17,923 I am not here to help, Robert. 1623 01:26:18,424 --> 01:26:20,634 I knew you could do this without me. 1624 01:26:20,718 --> 01:26:22,845 -Then why did you come? -To talk about after. 1625 01:26:22,928 --> 01:26:27,350 The power you're about to reveal will forever outlive the Nazis. 1626 01:26:28,100 --> 01:26:29,685 And the world is not prepared. 1627 01:26:29,769 --> 01:26:33,314 "You could lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed." 1628 01:26:33,397 --> 01:26:35,232 We have to make the politicians understand, 1629 01:26:35,316 --> 01:26:36,859 this isn't a new weapon. 1630 01:26:37,485 --> 01:26:38,611 It's a new world. 1631 01:26:39,362 --> 01:26:41,781 I'll be out there doing what I can, but you... 1632 01:26:42,365 --> 01:26:45,159 You are an American Prometheus. 1633 01:26:45,242 --> 01:26:49,121 The man who gave them the power to destroy themselves, 1634 01:26:49,205 --> 01:26:50,956 and they'll respect that. 1635 01:26:51,040 --> 01:26:53,042 Then your work really begins. 1636 01:26:57,671 --> 01:27:00,049 I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call. 1637 01:27:01,842 --> 01:27:03,177 From San Francisco. 1638 01:27:10,267 --> 01:27:11,352 Robert? 1639 01:27:15,856 --> 01:27:16,982 Robert? 1640 01:27:17,483 --> 01:27:20,111 Robert. Robert. 1641 01:27:20,194 --> 01:27:21,695 Oh, my God. What's the matter? 1642 01:27:21,779 --> 01:27:22,947 What happened? 1643 01:27:23,030 --> 01:27:24,407 [both breathing heavily] 1644 01:27:24,490 --> 01:27:26,367 Her father called. 1645 01:27:26,450 --> 01:27:28,077 They found her yesterday in the bath. 1646 01:27:29,912 --> 01:27:30,996 Who? 1647 01:27:32,456 --> 01:27:34,041 She'd taken pills. 1648 01:27:34,125 --> 01:27:35,459 Left a note, not signed. 1649 01:27:37,002 --> 01:27:39,880 She took barbiturates, but there was chloral hydrate in her blood. 1650 01:27:39,964 --> 01:27:41,465 [gasping] 1651 01:27:43,467 --> 01:27:44,677 There was a note. 1652 01:27:45,469 --> 01:27:46,887 Jean Tatlock? 1653 01:27:53,602 --> 01:27:54,854 We were together. 1654 01:27:55,521 --> 01:27:57,314 She said she needed me. I... 1655 01:27:59,692 --> 01:28:01,819 I told her I... [breathing shakily] ...I wouldn't-- 1656 01:28:02,695 --> 01:28:04,405 I told her I couldn't-- 1657 01:28:04,488 --> 01:28:06,490 No, it was-- it was me-- 1658 01:28:07,950 --> 01:28:11,328 [breathing heavily] You don't get to commit the sin 1659 01:28:11,412 --> 01:28:14,790 and then have us all feel sorry for you that it had consequences. 1660 01:28:18,127 --> 01:28:20,004 You pull yourself together. 1661 01:28:24,008 --> 01:28:25,926 You know, people here depend on you. 1662 01:28:28,137 --> 01:28:30,264 [Serber] Donald, would you like to contribute here, please? 1663 01:28:30,347 --> 01:28:31,515 [Donald] You're on your own, pal. 1664 01:28:31,599 --> 01:28:34,518 Bob, I'm not quitting my job because plutonium is radioactive. 1665 01:28:34,602 --> 01:28:37,521 We just don't know what it might do to the female reproductive system-- 1666 01:28:37,605 --> 01:28:40,691 Your reproductive system is more exposed than mine, presumably. 1667 01:28:40,774 --> 01:28:43,444 Can we please? The implosion device is nowhere. 1668 01:28:43,527 --> 01:28:45,070 You can't rush everything. Oppie, please. 1669 01:28:45,154 --> 01:28:47,781 Well, there's rushing and there's getting on with it, so, pick one. 1670 01:28:47,865 --> 01:28:49,742 Wait. Neddermeyer's doing his job. 1671 01:28:49,825 --> 01:28:52,453 Teller's not helping. You're not helping. 1672 01:28:52,536 --> 01:28:55,080 I've been asking for calculations on the implosion lenses for weeks. 1673 01:28:55,164 --> 01:28:57,791 -The British can do it. Fuchs. -Absolutely. 1674 01:28:57,875 --> 01:29:01,170 -It's your job, Teller. -I'm engaged in research. 1675 01:29:01,253 --> 01:29:03,672 On a hydrogen bomb we're not even building. 1676 01:29:03,756 --> 01:29:05,382 [scattered laughter] 1677 01:29:11,931 --> 01:29:13,140 I won't work for that man. 1678 01:29:13,224 --> 01:29:15,017 [jeering] 1679 01:29:15,100 --> 01:29:17,269 Let him go. He's a prima donna. 1680 01:29:17,353 --> 01:29:19,313 [Serber] I agree. He should leave Los Alamos. 1681 01:29:19,396 --> 01:29:20,898 Okay. 1682 01:29:20,981 --> 01:29:24,193 Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer. Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium. 1683 01:29:24,276 --> 01:29:27,780 Lilli, you go work for Kisty, because he needs you. 1684 01:29:27,863 --> 01:29:29,532 Fuchs, you take Teller's role. 1685 01:29:29,615 --> 01:29:32,409 I'm putting you exclusively on the implosion device. 1686 01:29:32,493 --> 01:29:36,121 And no one is leaving Los Alamos. 1687 01:29:37,706 --> 01:29:39,708 [vehicle engine starting] 1688 01:29:39,792 --> 01:29:41,794 [chattering on loudspeaker] 1689 01:29:50,511 --> 01:29:51,762 They won't let me leave. 1690 01:29:51,845 --> 01:29:53,806 No. I won't let you leave. 1691 01:29:55,516 --> 01:29:58,102 Forget Hans. Forget fission. 1692 01:29:58,185 --> 01:30:01,313 Stay here, research what you want. 1693 01:30:01,397 --> 01:30:03,732 Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever. 1694 01:30:03,816 --> 01:30:05,109 We'll meet to discuss. 1695 01:30:05,192 --> 01:30:08,028 You don't have time to meet. You're a politician now, Robert. 1696 01:30:08,112 --> 01:30:10,656 You've left physics behind many, many years ago. 1697 01:30:11,824 --> 01:30:12,825 Once a week. 1698 01:30:13,492 --> 01:30:15,244 One hour, you and me. 1699 01:30:21,166 --> 01:30:22,835 Now raise this fucking barrier. 1700 01:30:27,840 --> 01:30:31,510 [Robb] So the Super was under development on your watch at Los Alamos? 1701 01:30:31,594 --> 01:30:33,012 Yes . 1702 01:30:33,095 --> 01:30:36,557 And yet, after the war, you tried to deny it was viable. 1703 01:30:36,640 --> 01:30:39,727 No, no, no. I-I pointed out technical difficulties with it. 1704 01:30:39,810 --> 01:30:41,770 Didn't you try to kill it at the AEC meeting 1705 01:30:41,854 --> 01:30:43,272 -after the Russian bomb test? -No. 1706 01:30:43,355 --> 01:30:46,609 [Robb] But that was the recommendation of the AEC, was it not? 1707 01:30:46,692 --> 01:30:49,820 After hours of discussion about the best response. 1708 01:30:49,903 --> 01:30:55,117 An H-bomb is 1,000 times the power of an A-bomb. 1709 01:30:55,868 --> 01:30:59,997 Its only intended target would be the largest cities. 1710 01:31:00,080 --> 01:31:01,624 It's a weapon of mass genocide. 1711 01:31:01,707 --> 01:31:05,919 Izzy, draw some circles on this side of the map where they would target us. 1712 01:31:06,003 --> 01:31:07,129 Starting with New York. 1713 01:31:07,212 --> 01:31:08,339 -[Rabi] That's fair. -[Strauss] DC. 1714 01:31:08,422 --> 01:31:11,050 It's a weapon of attack with no defensive value. 1715 01:31:11,133 --> 01:31:12,635 -Deterrence. -[Bush] "Deterrence"? 1716 01:31:12,718 --> 01:31:16,805 Do we really need more deterrence than our current arsenal of atomic bombs? 1717 01:31:16,889 --> 01:31:20,934 Y-You drown in ten feet of water or 10,000, what's the difference? 1718 01:31:21,018 --> 01:31:23,145 We can already drown Russia. They know it. 1719 01:31:23,228 --> 01:31:25,522 -Now they can drown us. -[Rabi] We're just escalating. 1720 01:31:29,485 --> 01:31:32,363 -[feet stamping] -[Strauss, distant] Robert? Robert. 1721 01:31:32,446 --> 01:31:34,531 -[stamping stops] -[teaspoon clinks] 1722 01:31:36,367 --> 01:31:37,368 As I said, 1723 01:31:37,451 --> 01:31:41,288 Teller's designs are still as impractical as they were during the war. 1724 01:31:41,372 --> 01:31:44,208 A hydrogen bomb can be made to work, Oppie, you know that. 1725 01:31:44,291 --> 01:31:47,086 I don't believe we should commit all our resources to that chance. 1726 01:31:47,169 --> 01:31:50,172 Then how would you have Truman reassure the American people? 1727 01:31:50,255 --> 01:31:52,591 Simply by limiting the spread of atomic weapons 1728 01:31:52,675 --> 01:31:55,135 through international control on nuclear energy. 1729 01:31:55,761 --> 01:31:57,471 By which you mean world government. 1730 01:31:57,554 --> 01:32:00,391 The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended. 1731 01:32:00,474 --> 01:32:03,352 Well, I asked what Truman should do, right? 1732 01:32:03,435 --> 01:32:04,436 The world's changed. 1733 01:32:04,520 --> 01:32:07,898 It's not fascism but communism that now threatens our survival. 1734 01:32:07,981 --> 01:32:09,858 Lewis, do you understand, 1735 01:32:09,942 --> 01:32:11,527 if we build a hydrogen bomb, 1736 01:32:11,610 --> 01:32:13,821 the Russians will have no choice but to build their own? 1737 01:32:13,904 --> 01:32:15,447 Could they be working on one already, 1738 01:32:15,531 --> 01:32:18,534 based on information gathered from a spy at Los Alamos? 1739 01:32:18,617 --> 01:32:20,077 No spy at Los Alamos. 1740 01:32:20,160 --> 01:32:22,996 -Gentlemen. Let's not get sidetracked. -There wasn't? 1741 01:32:23,080 --> 01:32:25,749 I say we use this moment to gain concessions from the Russians 1742 01:32:25,833 --> 01:32:28,794 by committing that we will not build a hydrogen bomb. 1743 01:32:28,877 --> 01:32:30,546 Thereby revealing its existence. 1744 01:32:30,629 --> 01:32:32,631 Which you seem convinced they already know. 1745 01:32:32,715 --> 01:32:36,135 [clears throat] All right. At this point, I'd like the committee members 1746 01:32:36,218 --> 01:32:39,888 to meet in privacy to finalize our recommendations. 1747 01:32:41,432 --> 01:32:43,392 I'm just not sure you wanna go down this road. 1748 01:32:43,475 --> 01:32:44,476 Lewis, with respect, 1749 01:32:44,560 --> 01:32:47,354 we are the advisory committee, we will give them our advice. 1750 01:32:52,860 --> 01:32:54,111 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1751 01:32:54,194 --> 01:32:55,320 Hi. 1752 01:32:55,404 --> 01:32:58,240 William Borden. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy? 1753 01:32:58,323 --> 01:32:59,575 Oh, yes, yes. 1754 01:32:59,658 --> 01:33:01,034 During the war, I was a pilot. 1755 01:33:02,494 --> 01:33:05,122 One night, flying back from a raid, 1756 01:33:05,205 --> 01:33:06,999 I saw an amazing sight, 1757 01:33:07,082 --> 01:33:08,751 like a meteor. 1758 01:33:08,834 --> 01:33:11,962 A V-2 rocket headed to England. 1759 01:33:12,045 --> 01:33:15,048 I can't help but imagine what it will be for such an enemy rocket 1760 01:33:15,132 --> 01:33:17,968 to carry an atomic warhead. 1761 01:33:18,051 --> 01:33:19,762 [feet stamping] 1762 01:33:20,846 --> 01:33:21,764 [rocket rumbling] 1763 01:33:23,432 --> 01:33:25,142 [stamping intensifies, stops] 1764 01:33:26,935 --> 01:33:29,563 Well, let's make sure we're not the ones to make that possible. 1765 01:33:35,694 --> 01:33:38,030 Oppie, I don't think you wanna go up against Strauss. 1766 01:33:38,864 --> 01:33:41,033 If we both speak, they listen to me. 1767 01:33:41,575 --> 01:33:43,452 When you speak, they hear a prophet. 1768 01:33:43,535 --> 01:33:45,370 When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves. 1769 01:33:45,454 --> 01:33:47,539 They'll listen to a prophet. 1770 01:33:47,623 --> 01:33:49,541 A prophet can't be wrong. 1771 01:33:49,625 --> 01:33:50,542 Not once. 1772 01:33:50,626 --> 01:33:54,129 [McGee] Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging the development of the Super? 1773 01:33:54,213 --> 01:33:58,509 I was never one of those to bandy around terms like "sabotage." 1774 01:33:58,592 --> 01:34:00,010 [McGee] But Mr. Borden was? 1775 01:34:00,636 --> 01:34:02,346 As I understand it, possibly. 1776 01:34:02,429 --> 01:34:06,099 How was Mr. Borden able to put together such a detailed indictment? 1777 01:34:06,183 --> 01:34:07,768 He was no longer a government employee, 1778 01:34:07,851 --> 01:34:10,020 yet he appears to have had unlimited access 1779 01:34:10,103 --> 01:34:11,605 to Dr. Oppenheimer's file. 1780 01:34:11,688 --> 01:34:14,441 Might Mr. Nichols have given him access to the file? 1781 01:34:14,525 --> 01:34:16,652 Or someone else at the AEC? 1782 01:34:16,735 --> 01:34:19,446 That's a very serious accusation, Senator. 1783 01:34:19,530 --> 01:34:21,114 Is it your intention to suggest 1784 01:34:21,198 --> 01:34:23,867 that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal to the United States? 1785 01:34:24,451 --> 01:34:26,537 I've always assumed, and still assume, 1786 01:34:26,620 --> 01:34:29,039 that he's loyal to the United States. 1787 01:34:29,122 --> 01:34:30,165 I believe this. 1788 01:34:30,249 --> 01:34:33,627 And I shall believe it until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 1789 01:34:33,710 --> 01:34:37,714 [Robb] Do you, or do you not, believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 1790 01:34:46,598 --> 01:34:49,685 [Hornig] And if I may, when Hitler blew his brains out in that bunker, 1791 01:34:49,768 --> 01:34:53,021 it is my humble opinion that there is no need for that bomb to be seen 1792 01:34:53,105 --> 01:34:54,606 anywhere except for that test site. 1793 01:34:54,690 --> 01:34:55,566 [scattered applause] 1794 01:34:55,649 --> 01:34:58,235 [Lilli] We at least have to take a moment to think about 1795 01:34:58,318 --> 01:35:01,405 whether the means justify the ends any longer, because-- 1796 01:35:04,116 --> 01:35:06,285 Germany is about to surrender. 1797 01:35:06,368 --> 01:35:08,328 [members cheering, applauding] 1798 01:35:08,412 --> 01:35:12,416 It's no longer the enemy who are the greatest threat to mankind. 1799 01:35:12,499 --> 01:35:13,417 It's our work. 1800 01:35:16,086 --> 01:35:18,505 Hitler is dead, it's true. 1801 01:35:20,465 --> 01:35:22,009 But the Japanese fight on. 1802 01:35:22,092 --> 01:35:23,844 Their defeat seems assured. 1803 01:35:23,927 --> 01:35:26,555 Not if you're a GI preparing to invade. 1804 01:35:28,098 --> 01:35:29,182 We can end this war. 1805 01:35:29,266 --> 01:35:32,603 But how do we justify using this weapon on human beings? 1806 01:35:32,686 --> 01:35:33,896 [scattered applause] 1807 01:35:35,898 --> 01:35:38,734 We're theorists, yes? 1808 01:35:40,068 --> 01:35:44,197 We imagine a future, and our imaginings horrify us. 1809 01:35:45,574 --> 01:35:47,910 But they won't fear it until they understand it, 1810 01:35:47,993 --> 01:35:50,662 and they won't understand it until they've used it. 1811 01:35:50,746 --> 01:35:54,583 When the world learns the terrible secret of Los Alamos, 1812 01:35:54,666 --> 01:35:58,086 our work here will ensure a peace mankind has never seen. 1813 01:35:58,170 --> 01:36:01,298 A peace based on the kind of international cooperation 1814 01:36:01,381 --> 01:36:03,508 that Roosevelt always envisaged. 1815 01:36:08,722 --> 01:36:11,558 -[Oppenheimer] Progress? -Two years and a billion dollars' worth? 1816 01:36:12,476 --> 01:36:14,144 Well, hard to put a price on it. 1817 01:36:14,227 --> 01:36:15,896 Not really. Just add up the bills. 1818 01:36:15,979 --> 01:36:20,233 "Rural free deliveries." Eighty babies delivered the first year. 1819 01:36:20,317 --> 01:36:22,903 This year we've had ten a month. 1820 01:36:22,986 --> 01:36:25,864 Birth control is a little out of my jurisdiction, General. 1821 01:36:26,365 --> 01:36:27,449 -Clearly. -[Kitty] General. 1822 01:36:27,532 --> 01:36:28,617 Kiddo. 1823 01:36:33,622 --> 01:36:36,667 Head down, every-- Fuchs. Head down. 1824 01:36:43,674 --> 01:36:45,550 That's the one. [grunts] 1825 01:36:45,634 --> 01:36:48,136 Two viable bombs. I need a date. 1826 01:36:51,181 --> 01:36:52,391 September. 1827 01:36:52,474 --> 01:36:53,517 July. 1828 01:36:53,600 --> 01:36:55,394 That's the sweet spot, gentlemen. 1829 01:36:56,186 --> 01:36:57,729 August. 1830 01:36:57,813 --> 01:36:59,356 July. 1831 01:36:59,439 --> 01:37:02,484 Test in July. But I need my brother. 1832 01:37:06,822 --> 01:37:09,408 Frank knows the desert, he's left politics behind, 1833 01:37:09,491 --> 01:37:11,702 he's been working with Lawrence for two years now. 1834 01:37:18,750 --> 01:37:20,377 What do we call the test? 1835 01:37:21,920 --> 01:37:25,340 "Batter my heart, three person'd God." 1836 01:37:25,424 --> 01:37:26,425 What? 1837 01:37:28,010 --> 01:37:29,011 Trinity. 1838 01:37:37,185 --> 01:37:39,187 [Robb] You insisted on bringing on your brother Frank, 1839 01:37:39,271 --> 01:37:40,397 a known communist. 1840 01:37:40,480 --> 01:37:42,107 Former communist. 1841 01:37:42,190 --> 01:37:44,109 You brought a known former communist 1842 01:37:44,192 --> 01:37:47,946 onto America's most secret and important defense project. 1843 01:37:48,030 --> 01:37:51,283 I knew my brother could be trusted. Absolutely. 1844 01:37:51,366 --> 01:37:54,619 And you felt your judgment was sound on who on the team could be trusted. 1845 01:37:55,203 --> 01:37:58,415 Fuchs, head down. Okay, everybody ready. 1846 01:38:08,133 --> 01:38:09,384 I hope you learned something. 1847 01:38:09,468 --> 01:38:11,845 Yeah, we learned we're gonna need to be a lot further away. 1848 01:38:11,928 --> 01:38:13,305 Well, figure it out. Fast. 1849 01:38:13,388 --> 01:38:16,391 We leave for Washington in the morning. We're gonna give them a date. 1850 01:38:20,020 --> 01:38:21,229 [elevator bell dings] 1851 01:38:21,313 --> 01:38:22,522 [chattering] 1852 01:38:22,606 --> 01:38:24,566 [phone ringing] 1853 01:38:24,649 --> 01:38:25,650 [service bell dinging] 1854 01:38:31,615 --> 01:38:33,325 You're a long way from Chicago, Leo. 1855 01:38:33,408 --> 01:38:36,328 If we don't act now, they're going to use this thing against Japan. 1856 01:38:36,912 --> 01:38:39,831 We booked a meeting with Truman, but somebody killed it. 1857 01:38:39,915 --> 01:38:42,250 You're meeting the secretary of war. 1858 01:38:42,334 --> 01:38:43,877 Just because we're building it 1859 01:38:43,960 --> 01:38:45,754 doesn't mean we get to decide how it's used. 1860 01:38:46,630 --> 01:38:48,715 History will judge us, Robert. 1861 01:38:49,591 --> 01:38:51,551 In Chicago, we put together a petition. 1862 01:38:52,344 --> 01:38:53,887 I'm not getting into that. 1863 01:38:53,970 --> 01:38:55,555 [clipboard clatters] 1864 01:38:59,309 --> 01:39:01,019 Just tell me your concerns and I'll relay them. 1865 01:39:01,103 --> 01:39:02,145 My concerns? 1866 01:39:02,229 --> 01:39:05,607 Germany's defeated. Japan's not going to hold out alone. 1867 01:39:05,690 --> 01:39:07,901 How could you know that? You got us into this. 1868 01:39:07,984 --> 01:39:11,404 You and Einstein with your letter to Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb. 1869 01:39:11,488 --> 01:39:12,405 Against Germany. 1870 01:39:12,489 --> 01:39:15,367 That's not how weapons manufacture works, Szilard. 1871 01:39:15,450 --> 01:39:16,701 [Szilard] Oppie, you have to help. 1872 01:39:16,785 --> 01:39:18,537 Fermi's in the meeting. Lawrence is in the meeting. 1873 01:39:18,620 --> 01:39:21,832 They're not you. You're the great salesman of science. 1874 01:39:21,915 --> 01:39:24,126 You can convince anyone of anything. 1875 01:39:25,085 --> 01:39:26,086 Even yourself. 1876 01:39:26,920 --> 01:39:27,921 Excuse me. 1877 01:39:29,422 --> 01:39:32,634 The firestorm in Tokyo killed 100,000 people. 1878 01:39:32,717 --> 01:39:34,177 Mostly civilians. 1879 01:39:35,428 --> 01:39:38,849 I worry about an America where we do these things and no one protests. 1880 01:39:38,932 --> 01:39:42,269 Pearl Harbor and three years of brutal conflict in the Pacific 1881 01:39:42,352 --> 01:39:44,604 bought us a lot of latitude with the American public. 1882 01:39:45,188 --> 01:39:47,149 [Stimson] Enough to unleash the atomic bomb? 1883 01:39:47,232 --> 01:39:50,485 [Fermi] The A-bomb might not cause as much damage as the Tokyo bombings. 1884 01:39:50,569 --> 01:39:52,028 What are we estimating? 1885 01:39:52,112 --> 01:39:56,908 In a medium-sized city, 20,000 or 30,000 dead. 1886 01:39:56,992 --> 01:39:59,035 Yes, but don't underestimate 1887 01:39:59,119 --> 01:40:02,539 the psychological impact of an atomic explosion. 1888 01:40:03,290 --> 01:40:06,418 A pillar of fire 10,000 feet tall. 1889 01:40:07,127 --> 01:40:10,213 Deadly neutron effects for a mile. In all directions. 1890 01:40:10,297 --> 01:40:13,175 From one single device. 1891 01:40:13,258 --> 01:40:15,427 Dropped from a barely noticed B-29, 1892 01:40:15,510 --> 01:40:20,682 the atomic bomb will be a terrible revelation of divine power. 1893 01:40:21,308 --> 01:40:23,935 If that's true, it would be definitive. 1894 01:40:24,019 --> 01:40:26,021 World War II would be over. 1895 01:40:26,104 --> 01:40:27,647 Our boys would come home. 1896 01:40:27,731 --> 01:40:28,857 Military targets? 1897 01:40:30,192 --> 01:40:32,194 Uh... There aren't any big enough. 1898 01:40:32,277 --> 01:40:35,197 Perhaps a vital war plant 1899 01:40:35,280 --> 01:40:37,866 with workers housed nearby? 1900 01:40:37,949 --> 01:40:41,119 And we could issue a warning to reduce civilian casualties. 1901 01:40:41,203 --> 01:40:43,121 They'd send everything they have up against us, 1902 01:40:43,205 --> 01:40:44,873 and I'd be up in that plane. 1903 01:40:44,956 --> 01:40:48,168 But if we announce it and it fails to go off, 1904 01:40:48,251 --> 01:40:50,837 we'd scupper any chance of a Japanese surrender. 1905 01:40:50,921 --> 01:40:55,342 Is there no way to demonstrate a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender? 1906 01:40:55,425 --> 01:40:59,554 We intend to demonstrate it in the most unambiguous terms. Twice. 1907 01:40:59,638 --> 01:41:01,848 Once, to show the weapon's power, 1908 01:41:01,932 --> 01:41:05,352 and a second to show that we can keep doing this until they surrender. 1909 01:41:05,435 --> 01:41:08,813 We have a list of 12 cities to choose from-- 1910 01:41:08,897 --> 01:41:10,815 Sorry, 11. 1911 01:41:10,899 --> 01:41:12,776 I've taken Kyoto off the list 1912 01:41:12,859 --> 01:41:16,404 due to its cultural significance to the Japanese people. 1913 01:41:16,488 --> 01:41:18,698 Also, my wife and I honeymooned there. 1914 01:41:19,199 --> 01:41:20,492 It's a magnificent city. 1915 01:41:24,162 --> 01:41:25,956 Let me make this simple for you, gentlemen. 1916 01:41:26,039 --> 01:41:28,500 According to my intelligence, which I cannot share with you, 1917 01:41:28,583 --> 01:41:32,671 the Japanese people will not surrender, under any circumstances, 1918 01:41:32,754 --> 01:41:36,049 short of a successful and total invasion of the home islands. 1919 01:41:36,800 --> 01:41:39,386 Many lives will be lost, American and Japanese. 1920 01:41:39,469 --> 01:41:43,390 The use of the atomic bomb on Japanese cities will save lives. 1921 01:41:43,473 --> 01:41:45,392 If we retain moral advantage. 1922 01:41:46,059 --> 01:41:47,227 How so? 1923 01:41:47,310 --> 01:41:49,479 Well, if we use this weapon without informing our allies, 1924 01:41:49,562 --> 01:41:52,440 they'll see it as a threat, and we'll be in an arms race. 1925 01:41:52,524 --> 01:41:54,442 How open can we be with the Soviets? 1926 01:41:54,526 --> 01:41:58,571 Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from becoming part of the atomic world. 1927 01:41:58,655 --> 01:42:00,657 We've been told they have no uranium. 1928 01:42:00,740 --> 01:42:03,702 You've been misinformed. A Russian bomb is a matter of time. 1929 01:42:03,785 --> 01:42:07,247 The program needs to continue at full pace after the war. 1930 01:42:08,039 --> 01:42:09,874 Secretary Stimson, if I may, 1931 01:42:09,958 --> 01:42:13,920 not all scientists on the project are in agreement. 1932 01:42:14,004 --> 01:42:17,590 In fact, this might be a moment to consider other opinions. If you talk-- 1933 01:42:17,674 --> 01:42:20,343 The Manhattan Project has been plagued from the start 1934 01:42:20,427 --> 01:42:23,805 by certain scientists of doubtful discretion 1935 01:42:23,888 --> 01:42:25,307 and uncertain loyalty. 1936 01:42:25,390 --> 01:42:27,392 One of them just tried to meet with the president. 1937 01:42:27,475 --> 01:42:30,562 Now, we need these men, but as soon as it's practical, 1938 01:42:30,645 --> 01:42:32,939 we should sever any such scientists from the program. 1939 01:42:33,023 --> 01:42:34,274 Wouldn't you agree, Doctor? 1940 01:42:35,859 --> 01:42:37,527 [Marshall] If a Russian bomb is inevitable, 1941 01:42:38,236 --> 01:42:41,281 perhaps we should invite their top scientists to Trinity? 1942 01:42:41,364 --> 01:42:44,951 President Truman has no intention of raising expectations 1943 01:42:45,035 --> 01:42:47,704 that Stalin be included in the atomic project. 1944 01:42:47,787 --> 01:42:49,247 Informing him of our breakthrough 1945 01:42:49,331 --> 01:42:51,249 and presenting it as a means to win the war 1946 01:42:51,333 --> 01:42:53,126 need not make unkeepable promises. 1947 01:42:53,209 --> 01:42:55,337 But the Potsdam peace conference in July 1948 01:42:55,420 --> 01:42:58,757 will be President Truman's last chance to have that conversation. 1949 01:42:59,466 --> 01:43:01,301 Can you give us a working bomb by then? 1950 01:43:02,677 --> 01:43:05,889 Absolutely. We will test fire before the conference. 1951 01:43:10,769 --> 01:43:16,983 Ground Zero, observation posts at 10,000 yards north, south and west. 1952 01:43:17,067 --> 01:43:18,068 Where do we trigger from? 1953 01:43:18,151 --> 01:43:20,236 South, 10,000. 1954 01:43:20,320 --> 01:43:23,573 And Base Camp is ten miles south here. 1955 01:43:23,656 --> 01:43:28,912 And there's a further observation post on-- on that hill 20 miles away. 1956 01:43:28,995 --> 01:43:31,915 What's that, Frank? Trigger lines already went in. 1957 01:43:31,998 --> 01:43:35,460 The Air Force requested a line of lights for their B-29. 1958 01:43:35,543 --> 01:43:37,879 What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower. 1959 01:43:37,962 --> 01:43:41,049 They wanna use the test to confirm a safe operating distance. 1960 01:43:41,132 --> 01:43:43,843 -That's risky. -Not as risky as dropping one over Japan 1961 01:43:43,927 --> 01:43:45,887 and hoping that we were right about the blast radius. 1962 01:43:45,970 --> 01:43:48,139 Don't let them slow us down. We're firing on the 15th. 1963 01:43:48,223 --> 01:43:50,517 -The 15th? That's not-- -[Groves] The 15th. 1964 01:43:52,227 --> 01:43:53,228 The 15th. 1965 01:43:54,604 --> 01:43:56,564 [Oppenheimer] So I'll be here at South Observation point 1966 01:43:56,648 --> 01:43:58,942 with Frank and Kistiakowsky. 1967 01:43:59,025 --> 01:44:02,779 You'll all be assigned to Base Camp, West Observation, 1968 01:44:02,862 --> 01:44:04,447 or Far Observation. 1969 01:44:14,374 --> 01:44:18,294 Whoa, whoa, whoa! Careful with the knife. There, carefully. 1970 01:44:19,796 --> 01:44:23,842 -Are those safe distances? -They're based on your calculations. 1971 01:44:23,925 --> 01:44:26,469 Time to stand behind your science, Hans. Literally. 1972 01:44:50,076 --> 01:44:51,119 Yeah. 1973 01:44:56,416 --> 01:44:58,084 What about the radiation cloud? 1974 01:44:58,168 --> 01:45:01,296 Without high winds, it should settle within two to three miles. 1975 01:45:01,379 --> 01:45:03,590 Evacuation measures are in place. [inhales] 1976 01:45:03,673 --> 01:45:06,468 But we need good weather for visibility, so it has to be fine. 1977 01:45:07,927 --> 01:45:09,262 Everybody out. 1978 01:45:19,439 --> 01:45:21,399 We go on the night of the 15th. 1979 01:45:21,483 --> 01:45:25,445 It's a hard deadline, so if anyone has anything, speak now. 1980 01:45:25,528 --> 01:45:27,697 Little, little more. Okay, stop, stop. 1981 01:45:27,780 --> 01:45:31,576 Everybody, mattresses. Put the mattress underneath. 1982 01:45:48,843 --> 01:45:51,346 Could use a final implosion test. 1983 01:45:53,389 --> 01:45:55,683 -It couldn't hurt. -Do it. 1984 01:45:56,935 --> 01:45:59,145 Is there anything else that might stop us? 1985 01:45:59,229 --> 01:46:00,438 [thunderclap] 1986 01:46:02,732 --> 01:46:05,109 [sheets flapping] 1987 01:46:34,013 --> 01:46:35,557 It's happening, isn't it? 1988 01:46:37,725 --> 01:46:39,143 I'll send a message. 1989 01:46:39,894 --> 01:46:41,312 If it's gone our way... 1990 01:46:42,939 --> 01:46:43,982 take in the sheets. 1991 01:46:48,152 --> 01:46:49,195 Robert. 1992 01:46:52,407 --> 01:46:53,449 Break a leg. 1993 01:47:06,796 --> 01:47:07,797 Okay. 1994 01:47:59,932 --> 01:48:03,102 [Fermi] Oppie's taken a very modest three kilotons. 1995 01:48:03,186 --> 01:48:05,438 -Teller's in with 45. -[Rabi] Twenty. 1996 01:48:05,521 --> 01:48:07,774 20,000 tons of TNT. 1997 01:48:07,857 --> 01:48:11,152 And does anyone want the side action on atmospheric ignition? 1998 01:48:11,235 --> 01:48:13,112 [laughter] 1999 01:48:13,905 --> 01:48:17,075 -Are you saying we'll have to delay? -I'm saying it would be prudent. 2000 01:48:17,158 --> 01:48:18,951 This weather, has it reached the site? 2001 01:48:22,830 --> 01:48:23,998 [phone ringing] 2002 01:48:24,082 --> 01:48:26,250 Bethe is calling to tell you the implosion test failed. 2003 01:48:26,334 --> 01:48:28,878 Hello, Hans. Yes, he's here. 2004 01:48:30,171 --> 01:48:31,172 Yes. 2005 01:48:32,590 --> 01:48:33,591 [handset settles in cradle] 2006 01:48:33,675 --> 01:48:35,301 -Is he wrong? -No. 2007 01:48:35,385 --> 01:48:37,136 -No? -No. 2008 01:48:38,137 --> 01:48:40,598 -So we're about to fire a dud? -No. 2009 01:48:40,682 --> 01:48:44,060 -Explain. -Well, I can't. I just-- I just know. 2010 01:48:44,143 --> 01:48:45,853 I know the implosion lenses will work. 2011 01:48:45,937 --> 01:48:48,356 If we fire these detonators and they don't trigger a reaction, 2012 01:48:48,439 --> 01:48:52,068 two years' worth of plutonium will be scattered across White Sands. 2013 01:48:52,151 --> 01:48:54,779 A month of my salary against ten bucks says it lights. 2014 01:48:55,571 --> 01:48:56,406 Jesus. 2015 01:49:03,788 --> 01:49:05,832 [weatherman] The wind's picking up at Zero, not the rain. 2016 01:49:05,915 --> 01:49:06,999 Lightning circling. 2017 01:49:07,083 --> 01:49:08,876 You think it might be time to tell your men 2018 01:49:08,960 --> 01:49:11,629 to get away from the steel tower with the atomic bomb? 2019 01:49:11,713 --> 01:49:14,841 [laughter] 2020 01:49:14,924 --> 01:49:17,552 -Let's get to South Observation. -Pull 'em out. 2021 01:49:17,635 --> 01:49:19,721 [Oppenheimer] We can make our determination there. 2022 01:49:21,639 --> 01:49:22,849 [thunderclap] 2023 01:49:24,892 --> 01:49:27,019 [Oppenheimer] The team hasn't slept in two nights. 2024 01:49:27,103 --> 01:49:30,440 If we stand down, make the bomb safe, we won't be back here for weeks. 2025 01:49:30,523 --> 01:49:34,235 Then we'll miss Potsdam. I gotta get word to Truman by 7:00. 2026 01:49:34,318 --> 01:49:36,279 Our window's closing. What is this doing? 2027 01:49:36,362 --> 01:49:37,739 Raining, blowing, lightning. 2028 01:49:37,822 --> 01:49:39,991 -For how long, damn it? -It's holdin' strong. 2029 01:49:40,074 --> 01:49:42,243 -It'll break before dawn. -How could you know that? 2030 01:49:42,326 --> 01:49:44,328 I know this desert. Storm cools overnight. 2031 01:49:44,412 --> 01:49:46,456 Just before dawn, the storm breaks. 2032 01:49:46,539 --> 01:49:48,708 He could be right, but schedule as late as possible. 2033 01:49:48,791 --> 01:49:50,042 5:30. 2034 01:49:50,126 --> 01:49:52,462 Sign your forecast. If you're wrong, I'll hang you. 2035 01:49:52,545 --> 01:49:54,756 -Frank, tell them all, 5:30. -5:30. 2036 01:49:54,839 --> 01:49:56,007 -5:30. -5:30. 2037 01:49:58,676 --> 01:50:00,386 Three years, 2038 01:50:00,470 --> 01:50:01,804 4,000 people, 2039 01:50:01,888 --> 01:50:03,598 two billion dollars. 2040 01:50:03,681 --> 01:50:05,975 Well, if it doesn't go off, 2041 01:50:06,058 --> 01:50:07,351 we're both finished. 2042 01:50:08,227 --> 01:50:10,188 [thunder rumbling] 2043 01:50:10,271 --> 01:50:12,899 I'm betting on three kilotons. 2044 01:50:12,982 --> 01:50:14,817 Anything less, they won't get what it is. 2045 01:50:15,818 --> 01:50:19,155 What did Fermi mean by "atmospheric ignition"? 2046 01:50:19,238 --> 01:50:20,281 Well, we had a moment 2047 01:50:20,364 --> 01:50:24,452 where it looked like the chain reaction from an atomic device might never stop. 2048 01:50:25,286 --> 01:50:27,371 Setting fire to the atmosphere. 2049 01:50:27,455 --> 01:50:29,916 Why is Fermi still taking side bets on it? 2050 01:50:30,625 --> 01:50:32,585 Call it gallows humor. 2051 01:50:35,421 --> 01:50:40,051 Wait, are we saying there's a chance that when we push that button, 2052 01:50:40,134 --> 01:50:41,469 we destroy the world? 2053 01:50:41,552 --> 01:50:45,264 Nothing in our research over three years supports that conclusion. 2054 01:50:45,348 --> 01:50:48,100 Except as the most remote possibility. 2055 01:50:49,060 --> 01:50:51,020 -How remote? -Chances are near zero. 2056 01:50:52,605 --> 01:50:53,606 Near zero. 2057 01:50:54,899 --> 01:50:57,235 What do you want from theory alone? 2058 01:50:57,318 --> 01:50:58,319 [scoffs] 2059 01:50:59,070 --> 01:51:00,947 Zero would be nice. 2060 01:51:04,367 --> 01:51:10,331 In exactly one hour, 58 minutes, we'll know. 2061 01:51:17,129 --> 01:51:18,256 It's letting up. 2062 01:51:31,227 --> 01:51:33,479 The arming party's left Zero, they're heading this way. 2063 01:51:33,563 --> 01:51:34,522 Throwing the switches. 2064 01:51:34,605 --> 01:51:37,859 Turn the cars. Ready for emergency evacuation. 2065 01:51:37,942 --> 01:51:39,944 [wind howling] 2066 01:51:55,585 --> 01:51:56,878 [soldier] Take your welder's glass. 2067 01:51:56,961 --> 01:51:58,504 Everybody, take your places. 2068 01:51:59,171 --> 01:52:01,007 Everybody take a welder's glass! 2069 01:52:02,758 --> 01:52:04,594 Everybody take a welder's glass. 2070 01:52:54,310 --> 01:52:56,187 [timer ticking] 2071 01:52:56,270 --> 01:52:57,480 Twenty minutes. 2072 01:53:01,484 --> 01:53:02,610 [Fermi] Twenty minutes. 2073 01:53:13,788 --> 01:53:15,122 [Feynman] That's 20. 2074 01:53:18,334 --> 01:53:19,710 On the leg, please. 2075 01:53:21,295 --> 01:53:23,130 -Feynman. -No. 2076 01:53:23,214 --> 01:53:25,883 -For your eyes, sir. -The glass stops the UV. 2077 01:53:25,967 --> 01:53:27,510 And what stops the glass? 2078 01:53:29,261 --> 01:53:31,764 I'm gonna head to Base Camp. Best of luck. 2079 01:53:32,473 --> 01:53:33,933 Robert... 2080 01:53:35,142 --> 01:53:36,602 try not to blow up the world. 2081 01:53:48,489 --> 01:53:49,657 Watch that needle. 2082 01:53:49,740 --> 01:53:53,202 If the detonators don't charge, or the voltage drops below one volt, 2083 01:53:53,285 --> 01:53:54,787 you hit that button, you abort. 2084 01:53:54,870 --> 01:53:56,455 Understood? 2085 01:53:56,539 --> 01:53:57,707 Understood. 2086 01:54:05,089 --> 01:54:07,425 [soldier on loudspeaker] Two minutes to detonation. 2087 01:54:07,508 --> 01:54:09,427 Everybody down. 2088 01:54:09,510 --> 01:54:13,597 Do not turn around until you see light reflected on the hills. 2089 01:54:13,681 --> 01:54:16,600 Then look at the explosion only through your welder's glass. 2090 01:54:16,684 --> 01:54:18,894 [on loudspeaker] Ninety seconds to detonation. 2091 01:54:19,562 --> 01:54:20,855 [static on radio] 2092 01:54:20,938 --> 01:54:23,691 [on radio] Eighty seconds to detonation. 2093 01:54:23,774 --> 01:54:25,151 Is it rubbed in? 2094 01:54:25,901 --> 01:54:26,902 Yeah. 2095 01:54:33,784 --> 01:54:36,704 [on radio] Sixty seconds to detonation. 2096 01:54:51,510 --> 01:54:53,721 These things are hard on your heart. 2097 01:54:53,804 --> 01:54:55,014 [on loudspeaker] Thirty seconds. 2098 01:54:58,059 --> 01:54:59,518 [light buzzes] 2099 01:55:00,561 --> 01:55:01,812 Detonator's charged. 2100 01:55:12,156 --> 01:55:16,577 [on loudspeaker] 17, 16, 15... 2101 01:55:16,660 --> 01:55:23,042 14, 13, 12, 11... 2102 01:55:23,542 --> 01:55:24,710 Ten... 2103 01:55:24,794 --> 01:55:26,087 [detonator hums] 2104 01:55:26,170 --> 01:55:28,172 ...nine, 2105 01:55:28,255 --> 01:55:29,423 eight... 2106 01:55:30,216 --> 01:55:31,425 seven... 2107 01:55:32,843 --> 01:55:34,136 six... 2108 01:55:35,346 --> 01:55:36,347 five... 2109 01:55:38,432 --> 01:55:39,517 four... 2110 01:55:41,185 --> 01:55:42,353 three... 2111 01:55:43,145 --> 01:55:44,313 two... 2112 01:55:45,940 --> 01:55:47,024 one. 2113 01:55:50,694 --> 01:55:52,363 [Oppenheimer breathing deeply] 2114 01:56:00,538 --> 01:56:01,914 [gasps] 2115 01:56:01,997 --> 01:56:03,415 [gasps] 2116 01:56:06,669 --> 01:56:07,670 [grunts] 2117 01:56:08,462 --> 01:56:09,463 [exhales] 2118 01:56:13,050 --> 01:56:14,093 [breathing deeply] 2119 01:56:22,226 --> 01:56:24,854 [deep breathing continues] 2120 01:56:54,592 --> 01:56:57,219 [breathing heavily] 2121 01:57:19,867 --> 01:57:22,036 [Oppenheimer] "And now I am become Death." 2122 01:57:24,622 --> 01:57:26,248 "The destroyer of worlds." 2123 01:57:28,876 --> 01:57:30,544 [shock wave thunders] 2124 01:57:41,555 --> 01:57:43,224 [shock wave thunders] 2125 01:57:48,938 --> 01:57:50,522 [shock wave thunders] 2126 01:57:57,446 --> 01:57:58,864 [objects rattling] 2127 01:57:59,740 --> 01:58:00,741 It worked. 2128 01:58:08,082 --> 01:58:10,501 [scattered laughter] 2129 01:58:10,584 --> 01:58:12,211 [cheers, laughs] 2130 01:58:12,294 --> 01:58:14,922 [cheering, applauding] 2131 01:58:23,472 --> 01:58:26,809 [applauding, cheering] 2132 01:58:35,317 --> 01:58:36,360 [Kistiakowsky cheers] 2133 01:58:36,443 --> 01:58:38,362 -You owe me ten dollars! -Oh! 2134 01:58:38,445 --> 01:58:40,531 [both laughing] 2135 01:58:40,614 --> 01:58:41,740 Come on! 2136 01:58:41,824 --> 01:58:44,285 I-- I'm good for it, Kisty. [laughs] 2137 01:58:44,368 --> 01:58:45,452 You are. [laughs] 2138 01:58:46,203 --> 01:58:48,330 Yes, you are! [laughs] 2139 01:58:48,414 --> 01:58:50,874 [cheering, applauding] 2140 01:58:50,958 --> 01:58:53,294 [cheering, applauding] 2141 01:58:53,377 --> 01:58:55,337 [chattering] 2142 01:59:16,483 --> 01:59:18,902 We did it! Well done. 2143 01:59:25,034 --> 01:59:26,744 [Groves] Get me Potsdam right away. 2144 01:59:38,255 --> 01:59:40,924 -Get a message to Kitty. -We can't say anything. 2145 01:59:41,008 --> 01:59:42,301 Tell her to take in the sheets. 2146 01:59:52,353 --> 01:59:54,355 -[baby screaming] -[phone ringing] 2147 01:59:56,899 --> 01:59:58,025 Shh. 2148 01:59:58,108 --> 01:59:59,693 -Hello? -[Charlotte] Hi. Kitty? 2149 01:59:59,777 --> 02:00:02,905 What-- What? Charlotte. Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead. 2150 02:00:02,988 --> 02:00:07,284 Oh, um, well, I don't know, he just said to tell you to "bring in the sheets." 2151 02:00:10,204 --> 02:00:11,205 Kitty? 2152 02:00:12,915 --> 02:00:15,376 Kitty? Kitty, are you still there? 2153 02:00:22,549 --> 02:00:25,594 If they detonate it too high in the air, the blast won't be as powerful. 2154 02:00:25,677 --> 02:00:28,097 With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer, 2155 02:00:28,180 --> 02:00:29,473 we'll take it from here. 2156 02:00:40,067 --> 02:00:42,444 Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam? 2157 02:00:43,070 --> 02:00:45,572 A brief would be an overstatement. 2158 02:00:45,656 --> 02:00:49,368 He referred to a powerful new weapon. 2159 02:00:50,035 --> 02:00:54,832 Stalin hoped we'd use it against Japan. 2160 02:00:56,083 --> 02:00:57,084 That's it? 2161 02:00:57,751 --> 02:00:59,711 Robert, we've given them an ace, 2162 02:00:59,795 --> 02:01:01,296 it's for them to play the hand. 2163 02:01:03,298 --> 02:01:04,716 You're aiming for the 6th? 2164 02:01:05,342 --> 02:01:07,678 Well, it's up to the CO in the Pacific. 2165 02:01:09,221 --> 02:01:10,848 Should I come with you to Washington? 2166 02:01:12,641 --> 02:01:13,767 What for? 2167 02:01:16,270 --> 02:01:17,813 Well, you'll keep me informed. 2168 02:01:19,148 --> 02:01:20,149 Of course. 2169 02:01:22,401 --> 02:01:23,569 As best I can. 2170 02:01:23,652 --> 02:01:26,864 -[truck engine starts] -[people applauding] 2171 02:01:28,615 --> 02:01:30,409 [chains rattling] 2172 02:01:41,753 --> 02:01:44,423 Would the Japanese surrender if they knew what was coming? 2173 02:01:45,674 --> 02:01:46,884 I don't know. 2174 02:01:49,636 --> 02:01:51,638 [Teller] Have you seen Szilard's petition? 2175 02:01:51,722 --> 02:01:54,099 What the hell does Szilard know about the Japanese? 2176 02:01:54,183 --> 02:01:55,517 You're not signing it, are you? 2177 02:01:56,518 --> 02:01:58,770 Many people have. A lot of people have. 2178 02:01:58,854 --> 02:02:00,022 Edward, 2179 02:02:01,482 --> 02:02:03,358 the fact that we built this bomb 2180 02:02:03,442 --> 02:02:06,069 does not give us any more right or responsibility 2181 02:02:06,153 --> 02:02:08,363 to decide how it's used than anyone else. 2182 02:02:08,447 --> 02:02:10,491 But we're the only people who know about it. 2183 02:02:11,074 --> 02:02:14,036 I've told Stimson the various opinions of the community. 2184 02:02:14,119 --> 02:02:15,204 But what's your opinion? 2185 02:02:16,830 --> 02:02:18,040 Once it's used... 2186 02:02:19,333 --> 02:02:22,878 nuclear war, perhaps all war... 2187 02:02:24,463 --> 02:02:25,923 becomes unthinkable. 2188 02:02:26,507 --> 02:02:28,634 Until somebody builds a bigger bomb. 2189 02:02:49,613 --> 02:02:51,198 I thought they would call. 2190 02:02:51,281 --> 02:02:52,741 It's only the 5th. 2191 02:02:55,244 --> 02:02:56,912 In Japan, it's the 6th. 2192 02:03:09,967 --> 02:03:10,968 Charlotte. 2193 02:03:13,595 --> 02:03:15,055 Try Groves. 2194 02:03:16,098 --> 02:03:17,099 Anything? 2195 02:03:19,226 --> 02:03:20,769 Charlotte ? 2196 02:03:20,852 --> 02:03:22,187 [Charlotte] Truman's on the radio. 2197 02:03:23,355 --> 02:03:25,274 [Truman on radio] Sixteen hours ago, 2198 02:03:26,191 --> 02:03:31,321 an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima... 2199 02:03:31,405 --> 02:03:32,906 [feedback squealing] 2200 02:03:32,990 --> 02:03:36,118 [on loudspeaker] ...and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. 2201 02:03:36,201 --> 02:03:38,203 [soldiers cheering] 2202 02:03:38,287 --> 02:03:44,001 The bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. 2203 02:03:46,253 --> 02:03:48,171 It is an atomic bomb. 2204 02:03:48,255 --> 02:03:50,924 -[truck horns honking] -[soldiers cheering] 2205 02:03:51,008 --> 02:03:55,637 It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. 2206 02:03:57,848 --> 02:03:58,849 [Charlotte] Groves on one. 2207 02:03:58,932 --> 02:04:00,892 [Truman] We are now prepared to destroy, 2208 02:04:00,976 --> 02:04:04,438 more rapidly and completely, the Japanese-- 2209 02:04:04,521 --> 02:04:06,273 [clears throat] General? 2210 02:04:06,356 --> 02:04:09,151 [Groves] I'm very proud of you and all of your people. 2211 02:04:09,234 --> 02:04:10,736 It went all right? 2212 02:04:10,819 --> 02:04:13,113 Apparently, it went with a tremendous bang. 2213 02:04:14,364 --> 02:04:18,160 Well, everyone here is feeling reasonably good about it. 2214 02:04:20,078 --> 02:04:21,538 It's been a long road. 2215 02:04:21,622 --> 02:04:24,207 I think one of the wisest things I ever did 2216 02:04:24,291 --> 02:04:26,543 was when I selected the director of Los Alamos. 2217 02:04:27,419 --> 02:04:29,671 -[horn honking] -[cheering] 2218 02:04:29,755 --> 02:04:33,759 [Truman] We have spent more than two billion dollars 2219 02:04:33,842 --> 02:04:37,554 on the greatest scientific gamble in history, 2220 02:04:38,221 --> 02:04:40,098 and we have won. 2221 02:04:40,974 --> 02:04:43,435 [cheering] 2222 02:04:44,645 --> 02:04:48,231 [all] Whoops! Opie! Opie! Opie! 2223 02:04:48,315 --> 02:04:51,860 Opie! Opie! Opie! Opie! 2224 02:04:51,943 --> 02:04:55,280 Opie! Opie! Opie! Opie! 2225 02:04:55,364 --> 02:04:58,408 Opie! Opie! Opie! Opie! 2226 02:04:58,492 --> 02:05:01,411 Opie! Opie! Opie! Opie! 2227 02:05:01,495 --> 02:05:04,373 Opie! Opie! Opie! Opie! 2228 02:05:04,456 --> 02:05:06,833 [cheering] 2229 02:05:06,917 --> 02:05:09,127 [feet stomping] 2230 02:05:12,005 --> 02:05:14,007 [stomping intensifies] 2231 02:05:30,982 --> 02:05:33,985 [cheering, whistling] 2232 02:05:38,407 --> 02:05:39,616 [whooping] 2233 02:06:08,311 --> 02:06:09,479 The world... 2234 02:06:11,356 --> 02:06:12,566 will remember this day. 2235 02:06:12,649 --> 02:06:15,026 [cheering] 2236 02:06:23,618 --> 02:06:25,829 [rumbling] 2237 02:06:32,002 --> 02:06:33,503 It's too soon to-- 2238 02:06:34,129 --> 02:06:37,883 It's too soon to determine what the results of the bombing are. 2239 02:06:40,969 --> 02:06:42,763 But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it. 2240 02:06:42,846 --> 02:06:44,014 [cheering] 2241 02:06:51,646 --> 02:06:53,148 [person screaming] 2242 02:06:54,858 --> 02:06:57,152 [no audible dialogue] 2243 02:06:58,862 --> 02:07:01,031 [no audible dialogue] 2244 02:07:03,658 --> 02:07:05,202 I'm so proud. 2245 02:07:06,286 --> 02:07:08,205 So proud of what you have accomplished. 2246 02:07:08,288 --> 02:07:09,790 [no audible dialogue] 2247 02:07:15,879 --> 02:07:18,465 I just wish we had it in time to use against the Germans. 2248 02:07:18,548 --> 02:07:20,091 [no audible dialogue] 2249 02:07:41,196 --> 02:07:43,824 -[laughing, distorted] -[crowd cheering] 2250 02:07:48,745 --> 02:07:51,164 [laughing] 2251 02:08:06,805 --> 02:08:08,723 [sobbing] 2252 02:08:08,807 --> 02:08:11,017 [scream, distorted] 2253 02:08:29,035 --> 02:08:32,038 [sobbing] 2254 02:08:32,122 --> 02:08:33,748 [laughter] 2255 02:08:37,168 --> 02:08:39,170 [distorted wailing continues] 2256 02:09:03,778 --> 02:09:05,780 [footsteps approaching] 2257 02:09:08,408 --> 02:09:09,743 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2258 02:09:10,869 --> 02:09:12,037 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2259 02:09:12,120 --> 02:09:13,121 [chuckles] 2260 02:09:13,204 --> 02:09:14,289 Nice picture. 2261 02:09:15,040 --> 02:09:16,750 President Truman will see you now. 2262 02:09:31,056 --> 02:09:33,808 Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor. 2263 02:09:33,892 --> 02:09:35,769 -Mr. President. -Please. 2264 02:09:35,852 --> 02:09:37,020 Thank you. 2265 02:09:37,646 --> 02:09:38,772 Secretary Byrnes. 2266 02:09:41,441 --> 02:09:44,152 How's it feel to be the most famous man in the world? 2267 02:09:45,278 --> 02:09:47,948 You helped save a lot of American lives. 2268 02:09:48,615 --> 02:09:52,911 -What we did at Hiroshima was a-- -And Nagasaki. 2269 02:09:53,745 --> 02:09:54,996 Well, obviously. 2270 02:09:55,872 --> 02:09:58,959 Your invention let us bring our boys home. 2271 02:09:59,042 --> 02:10:01,169 Well, it was hardly... 2272 02:10:01,252 --> 02:10:02,253 my invention. 2273 02:10:02,337 --> 02:10:04,464 It was you on the cover of Time. 2274 02:10:04,547 --> 02:10:07,509 [Truman, Byrnes laughing] 2275 02:10:07,592 --> 02:10:11,262 Jim tells me you're concerned about an arms race with the Soviets. 2276 02:10:11,346 --> 02:10:12,347 Oh, yes, uh... 2277 02:10:13,932 --> 02:10:15,225 Well, um... 2278 02:10:15,308 --> 02:10:16,643 It's that, uh, 2279 02:10:16,726 --> 02:10:19,813 now is our chance to secure... 2280 02:10:20,730 --> 02:10:23,566 international cooperation on... [clears throat] ...atomic energy 2281 02:10:23,650 --> 02:10:25,819 a-a-and I'm concerned-- 2282 02:10:25,902 --> 02:10:28,780 Do you know when the Soviets are gonna have the bomb? 2283 02:10:28,863 --> 02:10:30,699 I don't think I could give a precise-- 2284 02:10:30,782 --> 02:10:32,033 Never. 2285 02:10:32,867 --> 02:10:34,411 Never. 2286 02:10:34,494 --> 02:10:37,789 Mr. President, the Russians have good physicists 2287 02:10:37,872 --> 02:10:40,417 -a-a-and abundant resources. -Abundant? 2288 02:10:40,500 --> 02:10:41,501 -[Truman chuckles] -Yes. 2289 02:10:42,252 --> 02:10:44,295 -I don't think so. -[chuckles] 2290 02:10:44,379 --> 02:10:47,924 Well, they'll put everything they have in... 2291 02:10:51,761 --> 02:10:56,516 I hear you're leaving Los Alamos. [sniffles] 2292 02:10:56,599 --> 02:10:57,851 What should we do with it? 2293 02:10:57,934 --> 02:11:00,061 Give it back to the Indians. 2294 02:11:07,736 --> 02:11:10,989 Um, Dr. Oppenheimer, 2295 02:11:11,072 --> 02:11:14,200 if what you say about the Soviets is true, 2296 02:11:14,284 --> 02:11:18,371 we have to build up Los Alamos, not shut it down. 2297 02:11:22,083 --> 02:11:23,668 Mr. President... 2298 02:11:24,878 --> 02:11:26,004 Um... 2299 02:11:29,090 --> 02:11:32,802 I feel that I have blood on my hands. 2300 02:11:52,530 --> 02:11:57,786 You think anyone in Hiroshima or Nagasaki 2301 02:11:57,869 --> 02:12:00,789 gives a shit who built the bomb? 2302 02:12:04,125 --> 02:12:06,503 They care who dropped it. 2303 02:12:07,295 --> 02:12:08,296 I did. 2304 02:12:11,216 --> 02:12:13,676 Hiroshima isn't about you. 2305 02:12:20,141 --> 02:12:21,434 Dr. Oppenheimer. 2306 02:12:25,230 --> 02:12:26,231 [clears throat] 2307 02:12:33,071 --> 02:12:35,281 Don't let that crybaby back in here. 2308 02:12:40,912 --> 02:12:43,957 [Strauss] Robert saw that hand-wringing got him nowhere. 2309 02:12:44,791 --> 02:12:46,126 By the time I met him, 2310 02:12:46,209 --> 02:12:49,838 he'd fully embraced his "father of the bomb" reputation. 2311 02:12:49,921 --> 02:12:52,257 And he used his profile to influence policy. 2312 02:12:52,340 --> 02:12:53,925 [chattering] 2313 02:12:59,305 --> 02:13:00,306 [camera shutter clicks] 2314 02:13:01,182 --> 02:13:03,184 [Robb] Doctor, in the years following the war, 2315 02:13:03,268 --> 02:13:05,353 would you say that you exerted a great influence 2316 02:13:05,436 --> 02:13:07,313 on the atomic policies of the USA? 2317 02:13:07,397 --> 02:13:09,941 [Oppenheimer] I think "great" would be an overstatement. 2318 02:13:10,024 --> 02:13:11,860 [Robb] Really? If we look at the issue of isotopes, 2319 02:13:11,943 --> 02:13:15,572 were you not personally responsible for destroying all opposition to their export? 2320 02:13:15,655 --> 02:13:18,074 -You could use a bottle of beer... -[gallery laughing] 2321 02:13:18,158 --> 02:13:19,325 ...when making atomic weapons. 2322 02:13:19,409 --> 02:13:20,410 In fact, you do. 2323 02:13:20,493 --> 02:13:21,870 I was the spokesman, 2324 02:13:21,953 --> 02:13:24,455 but the opinion among scientists was unanimous. 2325 02:13:24,539 --> 02:13:27,625 All along with McCarthy on the rise, he knew he was vulnerable. 2326 02:13:28,501 --> 02:13:32,172 His brother was blacklisted by every university in the country. 2327 02:13:33,673 --> 02:13:36,801 Lomanitz wound up working the railroad, laying track. 2328 02:13:38,511 --> 02:13:40,763 And Chevalier went into exile. 2329 02:13:42,599 --> 02:13:46,477 But none of that stopped Robert from pushing the GAC 2330 02:13:46,561 --> 02:13:48,980 to recommend arms control instead of the H-bomb. 2331 02:13:51,316 --> 02:13:54,569 He was devastated when Truman rejected their recommendation. 2332 02:13:56,696 --> 02:13:58,364 I miss Richard more than I can bear. 2333 02:13:58,448 --> 02:14:00,450 I know, Ruth, I know. 2334 02:14:00,533 --> 02:14:03,620 Part of me's glad he didn't live to see where this is all going. 2335 02:14:06,873 --> 02:14:08,791 Here comes the birthday boy. 2336 02:14:08,875 --> 02:14:10,001 To gloat. 2337 02:14:10,084 --> 02:14:11,794 Have fun. 2338 02:14:11,878 --> 02:14:13,838 Robert, uh, my son and his fiancée 2339 02:14:13,922 --> 02:14:16,257 are desperate to meet the father of the atomic bomb, and so... 2340 02:14:16,341 --> 02:14:18,426 Well... good day. 2341 02:14:25,475 --> 02:14:26,768 Is this a bad time? 2342 02:14:27,435 --> 02:14:28,645 What do you think, Lewis? 2343 02:14:29,229 --> 02:14:31,356 Well, I think it must have been a blow for you. 2344 02:14:31,439 --> 02:14:32,482 For the world. 2345 02:14:34,108 --> 02:14:37,111 The world? What does Fuchs mean to the rest of the world? 2346 02:14:38,655 --> 02:14:40,073 Fuchs? 2347 02:14:40,156 --> 02:14:41,532 Klaus Fuchs? 2348 02:14:43,201 --> 02:14:45,411 Oh, dear. You haven't heard. 2349 02:14:48,623 --> 02:14:50,667 Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist 2350 02:14:50,750 --> 02:14:53,294 that you put onto the implosion team at Los Alamos... 2351 02:14:54,629 --> 02:14:59,175 turns out he was spying for the Soviets the whole time. 2352 02:14:59,259 --> 02:15:00,468 I'm sorry. 2353 02:15:06,140 --> 02:15:08,935 [Strauss] After the truth about Fuchs came out, 2354 02:15:09,018 --> 02:15:11,020 the FBI stepped up surveillance on him. 2355 02:15:11,104 --> 02:15:13,690 He knew his phone was tapped, 2356 02:15:13,773 --> 02:15:15,566 he was followed everywhere, 2357 02:15:16,359 --> 02:15:17,986 his trash picked through. 2358 02:15:21,197 --> 02:15:25,410 -But never stopped speaking his mind. -A man of conviction. 2359 02:15:25,493 --> 02:15:28,413 And maybe he thought fame could actually protect him. 2360 02:15:30,665 --> 02:15:33,543 When Eisenhower took office, he saw one more chance. 2361 02:15:35,086 --> 02:15:36,087 He took it. 2362 02:15:36,170 --> 02:15:42,885 America and Russia may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, 2363 02:15:42,969 --> 02:15:49,225 each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life. 2364 02:15:49,809 --> 02:15:51,936 Now, there are various aspects of this policy-- 2365 02:15:52,020 --> 02:15:57,025 [Strauss] Lot of scientists blame me, but how was I supposed to protect him? 2366 02:15:57,108 --> 02:16:00,528 ...are too secret for discussion, candor is the only remedy. 2367 02:16:00,611 --> 02:16:04,198 Officials in Washington need to start leveling with the American people. 2368 02:16:04,282 --> 02:16:05,992 [murmuring] 2369 02:16:06,075 --> 02:16:08,745 That was the last straw for Robert's enemies. 2370 02:16:08,828 --> 02:16:10,830 So he had to lose his security clearance? 2371 02:16:10,913 --> 02:16:13,499 -And with it, his credibility. -[knocks on window] 2372 02:16:13,583 --> 02:16:15,835 But how could they do it? 2373 02:16:15,918 --> 02:16:19,005 He was a war hero. He'd already told everyone about his past. 2374 02:16:19,088 --> 02:16:21,299 Borden dredged it all up. 2375 02:16:21,382 --> 02:16:24,552 How could Borden get access to Oppenheimer's FBI file? 2376 02:16:24,635 --> 02:16:28,431 -Could it have been Nichols? -No, I can't imagine he'd do that. 2377 02:16:28,514 --> 02:16:30,516 But whoever did unleashed a firestorm 2378 02:16:30,600 --> 02:16:34,979 that burned a path from the White House back to my desk at the AEC. 2379 02:16:35,480 --> 02:16:37,106 You see him in there, right? 2380 02:16:37,857 --> 02:16:40,151 I've worked my whole life to get here, 2381 02:16:40,943 --> 02:16:43,154 Cabinet of the United States of America, 2382 02:16:43,237 --> 02:16:46,783 and now, in front of the entire country, they're gonna put me back in my place. 2383 02:16:48,618 --> 02:16:50,286 A lowly shoe salesman. 2384 02:16:50,995 --> 02:16:53,122 Lewis, we can win this thing. 2385 02:16:53,206 --> 02:16:56,292 I-I think we can get the Senate to grasp that you did your duty, 2386 02:16:56,376 --> 02:16:58,002 painful though it was. 2387 02:16:58,086 --> 02:17:00,546 -Now, will Hill's testimony back us up? -Hill will be fine. 2388 02:17:00,630 --> 02:17:01,631 I don't really know him, 2389 02:17:01,714 --> 02:17:04,008 but he was one of Szilard's boys in Chicago, 2390 02:17:04,092 --> 02:17:05,593 and they never forgave Robert 2391 02:17:05,676 --> 02:17:07,970 for not supporting the petition against bombing Japan. 2392 02:17:08,054 --> 02:17:09,138 [projector clicks] 2393 02:17:09,222 --> 02:17:12,683 [Morrison] This was taken 31 days after the bombing. 2394 02:17:13,601 --> 02:17:17,897 Virtually everyone in the street for nearly a mile around, 2395 02:17:18,606 --> 02:17:21,776 was instantly and seriously burned. 2396 02:17:21,859 --> 02:17:22,944 [audience gasping] 2397 02:17:23,027 --> 02:17:27,782 [Morrison] The Japanese spoke of people who wore striped clothing 2398 02:17:27,865 --> 02:17:30,493 upon whom, the skin was burned in stripes. 2399 02:17:31,661 --> 02:17:34,205 There were many who thought themselves lucky, 2400 02:17:34,288 --> 02:17:38,167 who climbed out of the ruins of their homes, only slightly injured. 2401 02:17:39,919 --> 02:17:41,462 But they died anyway. 2402 02:17:42,422 --> 02:17:46,759 They died days or weeks later from the radium-like rays 2403 02:17:46,843 --> 02:17:50,721 emitted in great numbers at the moment of the explosion. 2404 02:17:52,056 --> 02:17:54,142 Did you read this crap in the papers? 2405 02:17:54,225 --> 02:17:56,227 A British physicist is saying 2406 02:17:56,310 --> 02:17:59,230 the atomic bombings were not the last act of World War II, 2407 02:17:59,313 --> 02:18:02,191 but the first act of this cold war with Russia. 2408 02:18:02,275 --> 02:18:03,693 Which physicist? 2409 02:18:03,776 --> 02:18:06,446 I think you knew him. Patrick Blackett. 2410 02:18:07,947 --> 02:18:09,240 [scoffs] 2411 02:18:09,323 --> 02:18:10,825 He may not be wrong. 2412 02:18:10,908 --> 02:18:12,368 Stimson is now telling me 2413 02:18:12,452 --> 02:18:15,621 we bombed an enemy that was essentially defeated. 2414 02:18:15,705 --> 02:18:18,207 Robert, you've all the influence now. 2415 02:18:19,041 --> 02:18:20,585 Please. 2416 02:18:20,668 --> 02:18:22,962 Urge them to continue my research on the Super. 2417 02:18:23,045 --> 02:18:25,173 I neither can nor will, Edward. 2418 02:18:25,256 --> 02:18:26,591 Why not? 2419 02:18:26,674 --> 02:18:28,134 It's not the right use of our resources. 2420 02:18:28,217 --> 02:18:30,303 Is that what you really believe? 2421 02:18:31,095 --> 02:18:35,057 J. Robert Oppenheimer. Sphinx-like guru of the atom. 2422 02:18:36,392 --> 02:18:38,019 Nobody knows what you believe. 2423 02:18:39,228 --> 02:18:41,022 Do you? Hmm? 2424 02:18:41,522 --> 02:18:43,983 [Groves] One final time, our program director, 2425 02:18:44,066 --> 02:18:45,735 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2426 02:18:47,403 --> 02:18:49,614 [Oppenheimer] I hope that, in years to come, 2427 02:18:49,697 --> 02:18:52,241 you will look back on your work here with pride. 2428 02:18:53,034 --> 02:18:57,330 But today that pride must be tempered with a profound concern. 2429 02:18:59,165 --> 02:19:02,793 If atomic weapons are to be added to the arsenals of a warring world, 2430 02:19:04,253 --> 02:19:08,508 then the day will come when people will curse the name of Los Alamos. 2431 02:19:12,762 --> 02:19:15,348 Sorry, Admiral. Stopped off to get this. 2432 02:19:16,516 --> 02:19:18,476 It seems pretty favorable. 2433 02:19:19,268 --> 02:19:21,729 There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption? 2434 02:19:21,812 --> 02:19:24,607 Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer, Strauss fought... 2435 02:19:26,442 --> 02:19:27,693 and the US won." 2436 02:19:28,861 --> 02:19:29,862 That'll work. 2437 02:19:29,946 --> 02:19:32,365 Those were your words from the other day. 2438 02:19:32,448 --> 02:19:33,699 We needed to pivot. 2439 02:19:34,325 --> 02:19:36,911 But how would you know what Time magazine's gonna write? 2440 02:19:36,994 --> 02:19:38,579 Henry Luce is a friend. 2441 02:19:46,546 --> 02:19:48,756 You sat here and let me tell you how it's done, 2442 02:19:49,507 --> 02:19:51,634 but you've been far ahead all along. 2443 02:19:51,717 --> 02:19:54,053 Survival in Washington 2444 02:19:54,929 --> 02:19:57,139 is about knowing how to get things done. 2445 02:19:57,640 --> 02:19:58,641 Right. 2446 02:20:00,768 --> 02:20:02,603 What was it you said about Borden? 2447 02:20:02,687 --> 02:20:04,772 "Why get caught holding the knife yourself?" 2448 02:20:06,899 --> 02:20:09,944 I'm beginning to think Borden was holding the knife for you. 2449 02:20:12,446 --> 02:20:16,659 It's gonna come down to how much influence Borden's been able to exert on Teller. 2450 02:20:16,742 --> 02:20:17,785 [Kitty laughing] 2451 02:20:17,868 --> 02:20:19,203 [attorney] Did I say something funny? 2452 02:20:19,287 --> 02:20:23,874 Just "Borden, Borden, Borden" when we all know that it's Strauss. 2453 02:20:23,958 --> 02:20:26,419 Lewis brought me to Princeton, Kitty. 2454 02:20:26,502 --> 02:20:29,213 And then you humiliated him in front of Congress. 2455 02:20:29,297 --> 02:20:31,799 -But more useful than a sandwich. -[gallery laughing] 2456 02:20:35,052 --> 02:20:36,053 How'd I do? 2457 02:20:37,305 --> 02:20:39,098 Maybe a little too well, Robert. 2458 02:20:39,181 --> 02:20:40,725 That was six years ago. 2459 02:20:40,808 --> 02:20:44,353 You know the truly vindictive, patient as saints. 2460 02:20:44,437 --> 02:20:47,106 Strauss has been perfectly clear that he is neutral. 2461 02:20:47,189 --> 02:20:50,651 -[glass shatters] -Wake up! It is Strauss! 2462 02:20:50,735 --> 02:20:53,696 It's always been Strauss, and you know it. 2463 02:20:53,779 --> 02:20:55,406 Why won't you fight him? 2464 02:20:56,115 --> 02:20:57,283 Christ's sake. 2465 02:20:58,659 --> 02:21:02,455 It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover, or one of Truman's guys. 2466 02:21:02,538 --> 02:21:04,915 It was you. You gave the file to Borden. 2467 02:21:04,999 --> 02:21:07,293 You set him on Oppenheimer. You convinced him to-- 2468 02:21:07,376 --> 02:21:11,797 Borden didn't take any convincing. 2469 02:21:11,881 --> 02:21:13,716 Take your time, use the entire file. 2470 02:21:13,799 --> 02:21:16,135 Write up your conclusions, send them to the FBI. 2471 02:21:16,218 --> 02:21:20,556 The material is obviously extensive, but there's nothing new here. 2472 02:21:20,640 --> 02:21:22,725 [Strauss] Your conclusions will be. 2473 02:21:22,808 --> 02:21:24,852 And they'll have to be answered. 2474 02:21:24,935 --> 02:21:26,687 Hoover passes them to McCarthy? 2475 02:21:26,771 --> 02:21:30,149 Oppenheimer's too slippery for that self-promoting clown. 2476 02:21:30,232 --> 02:21:33,027 I've talked it over with Hoover, he'll hold McCarthy at bay 2477 02:21:33,110 --> 02:21:34,779 while you do this with the AEC. 2478 02:21:34,862 --> 02:21:35,988 A trial. 2479 02:21:36,072 --> 02:21:37,365 No. No trial. 2480 02:21:37,448 --> 02:21:40,201 You can't give Oppenheimer a platform. 2481 02:21:40,284 --> 02:21:42,119 You can't martyr him. 2482 02:21:42,203 --> 02:21:45,456 We need a systematic destruction of Oppenheimer's credibility 2483 02:21:45,539 --> 02:21:48,876 so he can never again speak on matters of national security. 2484 02:21:49,669 --> 02:21:50,670 Then what? 2485 02:21:52,338 --> 02:21:55,633 A shabby little room, far from the limelight. 2486 02:21:55,716 --> 02:21:57,259 [chattering] 2487 02:22:01,430 --> 02:22:03,474 [Strauss] A simple, bureaucratic procedure. 2488 02:22:03,557 --> 02:22:05,893 His Q clearance is up for renewal. 2489 02:22:05,976 --> 02:22:08,604 You send your accusations to the FBI... 2490 02:22:10,898 --> 02:22:13,984 Hoover sends them to the AEC, you're forced to act. 2491 02:22:15,027 --> 02:22:16,278 You write up an indictment. 2492 02:22:16,362 --> 02:22:20,324 You tell Oppenheimer his security clearance is not being renewed. 2493 02:22:20,408 --> 02:22:22,368 But offer him the chance to appeal. 2494 02:22:22,451 --> 02:22:24,745 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2495 02:22:24,829 --> 02:22:27,164 -May I keep this? -No. 2496 02:22:27,248 --> 02:22:30,960 If you do decide to appeal, they'll have to send you a copy. 2497 02:22:31,043 --> 02:22:34,672 When he appeals, and trust me, he will, 2498 02:22:34,755 --> 02:22:36,757 -I appoint a board. -[chattering] 2499 02:22:36,841 --> 02:22:39,552 They will, of course, have counsel. 2500 02:22:39,635 --> 02:22:41,303 -[Nichols] Prosecutor? -In all but name. 2501 02:22:41,387 --> 02:22:43,305 -Who? -Roger Robb. 2502 02:22:43,389 --> 02:22:44,390 Ouch. 2503 02:22:44,473 --> 02:22:47,685 Robb will have security clearance to examine Oppenheimer's file. 2504 02:22:47,768 --> 02:22:49,103 As will the Gray board. 2505 02:22:49,186 --> 02:22:50,438 Defense counsel will not. 2506 02:22:51,731 --> 02:22:53,023 A closed hearing. 2507 02:22:53,107 --> 02:22:57,278 "The so-called and derogatory information in your indictment of me..." 2508 02:22:57,361 --> 02:23:00,906 No audience. No reporters. No burden of proof. 2509 02:23:01,490 --> 02:23:02,992 No burden of proof? 2510 02:23:04,618 --> 02:23:05,786 We're not convicting. 2511 02:23:06,871 --> 02:23:08,497 We're just denying. 2512 02:23:14,295 --> 02:23:16,255 What is it you said? 2513 02:23:17,131 --> 02:23:20,468 "This is just how the game is played." 2514 02:23:21,177 --> 02:23:22,928 Well, forgive my naivete. 2515 02:23:23,596 --> 02:23:27,266 Amateurs seek the sun... get eaten. 2516 02:23:28,601 --> 02:23:31,645 Power stays in the shadows. 2517 02:23:31,729 --> 02:23:34,690 But, sir, you're out of the shadows now. 2518 02:23:34,774 --> 02:23:36,734 Yeah, that's why this has to work. 2519 02:23:36,817 --> 02:23:37,985 Well... 2520 02:23:39,695 --> 02:23:42,364 Teller's testifying this morning. That'll help. 2521 02:23:42,448 --> 02:23:43,949 And then... 2522 02:23:44,033 --> 02:23:45,409 Hill is in the afternoon. 2523 02:23:45,493 --> 02:23:47,119 Hill is gonna help us too. 2524 02:23:50,206 --> 02:23:52,833 [Strauss] As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2525 02:23:53,501 --> 02:23:55,169 -May I keep this? -[Nichols] No. 2526 02:23:57,671 --> 02:24:02,635 If you do decide to appeal, then they'll have to send you a copy. 2527 02:24:06,055 --> 02:24:08,140 Take my car and driver. I insist. 2528 02:24:13,020 --> 02:24:14,980 I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis. 2529 02:24:15,064 --> 02:24:17,775 Of course. But don't take too long. 2530 02:24:17,858 --> 02:24:19,902 I can't keep Nichols at bay. 2531 02:24:26,158 --> 02:24:28,369 I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert. 2532 02:24:28,452 --> 02:24:29,912 I think it's wrong. 2533 02:24:42,967 --> 02:24:46,428 [Oppenheimer] Nichols wants me to fight so he can get it all on the record. 2534 02:24:46,512 --> 02:24:48,264 Strauss wants me to walk away. 2535 02:24:48,347 --> 02:24:53,018 Strauss knows that you can't do that. You'd be accepting the charges. 2536 02:24:53,686 --> 02:24:55,229 You'll lose your job. 2537 02:24:55,312 --> 02:24:58,232 You will lose your reputation. We'll lose our house. 2538 02:24:58,315 --> 02:24:59,984 Robert, we have to fight. 2539 02:25:03,070 --> 02:25:05,155 As AEC counsel, I can't represent you. 2540 02:25:05,239 --> 02:25:06,782 I'll call Lloyd Garrison. 2541 02:25:07,366 --> 02:25:09,577 -He's good. -The best, but... 2542 02:25:10,578 --> 02:25:11,704 I have to warn you... 2543 02:25:13,372 --> 02:25:15,416 this won't be a fair fight. 2544 02:25:15,499 --> 02:25:18,043 During your interview with Boris Pash in 1943, 2545 02:25:18,127 --> 02:25:19,753 did you refer to microfilm? 2546 02:25:19,837 --> 02:25:23,007 -No. -Tab 11, page one, paragraph three. 2547 02:25:23,090 --> 02:25:24,466 You never said, "Man of the consulate 2548 02:25:24,550 --> 02:25:26,510 expert in the use of microfilm." 2549 02:25:26,594 --> 02:25:27,636 -[Garrison] I'm sorry. -No. 2550 02:25:27,720 --> 02:25:29,889 I would like to know what document Mr. Robb is quoting from 2551 02:25:29,972 --> 02:25:31,932 and if we might be furnished with a copy. 2552 02:25:32,016 --> 02:25:33,809 The document is classified, Mr. Garrison. 2553 02:25:33,893 --> 02:25:36,061 I think we should get back to firsthand information. 2554 02:25:36,145 --> 02:25:38,814 -This is firsthand. -How so, Roger? 2555 02:25:40,774 --> 02:25:42,151 There was a recording of the interview. 2556 02:25:46,947 --> 02:25:49,867 [Garrison] You let my client sit here and potentially perjure himself 2557 02:25:49,950 --> 02:25:52,411 and all this time, you had a recording? 2558 02:25:52,494 --> 02:25:55,122 Nobody told your client to misrepresent his former answers. 2559 02:25:55,205 --> 02:25:57,333 Misrepres-- It was 12 years ago. 2560 02:25:57,416 --> 02:25:58,667 Can we hear this recording? 2561 02:25:58,751 --> 02:26:00,169 You don't have the clearance, Mr. Garrison. 2562 02:26:00,252 --> 02:26:03,255 -But you're reading it into the record. -Please, please. 2563 02:26:03,339 --> 02:26:07,176 Is this proceeding interested in entrapment or in truth? 2564 02:26:07,259 --> 02:26:11,096 If it's truth, where's the disclosure? Where's the witness list? 2565 02:26:11,180 --> 02:26:13,891 Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial, as you're well aware. 2566 02:26:13,974 --> 02:26:18,145 Evidentiary rules do not apply. We are dealing with national security. 2567 02:26:18,228 --> 02:26:19,438 Yes, sir, with all due respect, 2568 02:26:19,521 --> 02:26:22,900 I fail to see how national security prevents the prosecution 2569 02:26:22,983 --> 02:26:25,903 -from providing us a list of witnesses. -Perhaps we are in need of a brief recess. 2570 02:26:25,986 --> 02:26:28,030 [Oppenheimer] Gentlemen, you have my words. 2571 02:26:28,113 --> 02:26:30,950 If you say they're from a transcript, then I'll accept it. 2572 02:26:31,033 --> 02:26:33,744 I've already explained I made up a cock-and-bull story. 2573 02:26:33,827 --> 02:26:36,914 But why would anyone make up such an elaborate story? 2574 02:26:36,997 --> 02:26:38,457 Because I was an idiot. 2575 02:26:39,166 --> 02:26:40,793 Why lie? 2576 02:26:40,876 --> 02:26:44,797 Well, clearly with the intention of not revealing who the intermediary was. 2577 02:26:44,880 --> 02:26:47,424 Your friend, Haakon Chevalier, the communist? 2578 02:26:47,508 --> 02:26:48,759 Is he still your friend? 2579 02:26:49,760 --> 02:26:50,803 Yes . 2580 02:26:54,056 --> 02:26:56,183 [Garrison] Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming. 2581 02:26:56,266 --> 02:26:58,060 Do you know who else the prosecution has called? 2582 02:26:58,143 --> 02:27:00,354 Teller, obviously. 2583 02:27:01,355 --> 02:27:03,691 -They've asked Lawrence. -What did he say? 2584 02:27:03,774 --> 02:27:07,069 -He wasn't going to help them, but... -But? 2585 02:27:07,653 --> 02:27:12,116 Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman have been having an affair for years. 2586 02:27:12,199 --> 02:27:14,576 The whole time you lived with them in Pasadena. 2587 02:27:14,660 --> 02:27:18,038 He convinced Lawrence that Richard died of a broken heart. 2588 02:27:18,122 --> 02:27:19,957 -That's absurd. -What part? 2589 02:27:20,040 --> 02:27:21,834 The broken heart. 2590 02:27:21,917 --> 02:27:22,960 Richard never found out. 2591 02:27:24,336 --> 02:27:25,671 Is Lawrence gonna testify? 2592 02:27:25,754 --> 02:27:26,880 I don't know. 2593 02:27:27,798 --> 02:27:32,511 [Garrison] Dr. Rabi, what governmental positions do you currently hold? 2594 02:27:32,594 --> 02:27:36,473 I am the chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the AEC, 2595 02:27:36,557 --> 02:27:38,350 succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer. 2596 02:27:38,434 --> 02:27:40,561 And how long have you known Dr. Oppenheimer? 2597 02:27:41,270 --> 02:27:43,522 Since 1928. Ι... 2598 02:27:43,605 --> 02:27:45,107 I know him quite well. 2599 02:27:45,190 --> 02:27:49,737 Well enough to speak to the bearing of his loyalty and character? 2600 02:27:49,820 --> 02:27:53,240 Dr. Oppenheimer is a man of upstanding character. 2601 02:27:53,866 --> 02:27:57,619 And he is loyal to the United States, to his friends, 2602 02:27:57,703 --> 02:27:59,955 to the institutions of which he is part. 2603 02:28:01,790 --> 02:28:03,042 Eat. 2604 02:28:05,919 --> 02:28:07,921 -[door opens] -[footsteps approaching] 2605 02:28:22,061 --> 02:28:24,313 -[Oppenheimer] What was that? -Nothing to worry about. 2606 02:28:27,566 --> 02:28:29,485 [Robb] After the Russian A-bomb test, 2607 02:28:29,568 --> 02:28:32,196 did Dr. Lawrence come to see you about the hydrogen bomb? 2608 02:28:32,279 --> 02:28:33,864 You'd be better off asking him. 2609 02:28:33,947 --> 02:28:35,491 Well, I fully intend to. 2610 02:28:36,325 --> 02:28:40,245 Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb? 2611 02:28:40,329 --> 02:28:43,332 No, he thought that a fusion program 2612 02:28:43,415 --> 02:28:46,168 would come at the expense of our awfully good fission program. 2613 02:28:46,251 --> 02:28:50,172 -But that proved not to be the case. -In the event, both could be done. 2614 02:28:50,255 --> 02:28:52,925 Suppose that this board did not feel satisfied that, 2615 02:28:53,008 --> 02:28:57,012 in his testimony here, Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful. 2616 02:28:57,096 --> 02:28:59,181 What would you say whether or not he should be cleared? 2617 02:28:59,264 --> 02:29:01,558 Why go through all this against a man 2618 02:29:01,642 --> 02:29:03,685 who has accomplished what Dr. Oppenheimer has? 2619 02:29:03,769 --> 02:29:05,312 Look at his record. 2620 02:29:05,395 --> 02:29:07,648 We have an A-bomb and a whole series of it. 2621 02:29:07,731 --> 02:29:09,566 We have a whole series of Super bombs. 2622 02:29:09,650 --> 02:29:12,194 What more do you want? Mermaids? 2623 02:29:12,736 --> 02:29:16,323 [Teller] But I've known Secretary Strauss for many years, 2624 02:29:16,406 --> 02:29:19,868 and I feel it a necessity to express the warm support 2625 02:29:19,952 --> 02:29:22,371 for science and scientists Lewis has shown. 2626 02:29:22,454 --> 02:29:25,332 We'll break now, unless there's any immediate business. 2627 02:29:25,415 --> 02:29:28,210 [Strauss] Senator, I'd like to once again request 2628 02:29:28,293 --> 02:29:31,004 that we're furnished with a list of witnesses. 2629 02:29:31,088 --> 02:29:32,798 And I will remind the nominee 2630 02:29:32,881 --> 02:29:35,509 that we don't always have that information in advance. 2631 02:29:35,592 --> 02:29:38,679 We do know that Dr. Hill will be here after lunch. 2632 02:29:38,762 --> 02:29:41,515 Mr. Chairman, our next scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence, 2633 02:29:41,598 --> 02:29:44,393 has apparently come down with colitis. 2634 02:29:47,729 --> 02:29:50,107 So we'll proceed with William Borden instead. 2635 02:29:51,066 --> 02:29:53,819 Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat. 2636 02:29:55,154 --> 02:29:59,867 Mr. Borden, during your investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer, 2637 02:29:59,950 --> 02:30:02,911 -did you reach certain conclusions? -I did. 2638 02:30:02,995 --> 02:30:05,581 And did there come a time when you expressed those conclusions 2639 02:30:05,664 --> 02:30:09,084 in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover of the Federal Bureau of Investigation? 2640 02:30:09,168 --> 02:30:11,461 -That is correct. -Prior to the writing of the letter, 2641 02:30:11,545 --> 02:30:13,839 did you discuss the writing of the letter with anybody attached 2642 02:30:13,922 --> 02:30:15,591 to the Atomic Energy Commission? 2643 02:30:15,674 --> 02:30:17,843 -I did not. -[Robb] Do you have a copy of the letter? 2644 02:30:17,926 --> 02:30:18,969 I have one in front of me. 2645 02:30:19,052 --> 02:30:21,346 Would you please be so kind as to read it, sir? 2646 02:30:22,014 --> 02:30:24,850 "Dear Mr. Hoover, the purpose of this letter is to state"-- 2647 02:30:24,933 --> 02:30:27,728 [Garrison] I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have a-- 2648 02:30:27,811 --> 02:30:31,064 What is the purpose of the delay? He's simply gonna read the letter. 2649 02:30:31,148 --> 02:30:34,401 [chuckles] Mr. Chairman, this is the first I've seen of this letter, 2650 02:30:34,484 --> 02:30:37,446 and I see statements here, at least one, 2651 02:30:37,529 --> 02:30:40,032 of a kind that I don't think anyone would like to see go into the record. 2652 02:30:40,115 --> 02:30:42,743 These are accusations that have not previously been made. 2653 02:30:42,826 --> 02:30:44,661 That are not part of the indictment from Nichols. 2654 02:30:44,745 --> 02:30:47,080 Accusations of a kind that I don't think belong here. 2655 02:30:47,164 --> 02:30:49,249 The witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, 2656 02:30:49,333 --> 02:30:51,627 laying out evidence that has already been before the board. 2657 02:30:51,710 --> 02:30:53,378 His conclusions are valid testimony, 2658 02:30:53,462 --> 02:30:56,715 just like the positive conclusions of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer. 2659 02:30:56,798 --> 02:30:58,342 It cuts both ways. 2660 02:30:58,425 --> 02:31:00,552 How long has counsel been in possession of this letter? 2661 02:31:00,636 --> 02:31:04,556 I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison. 2662 02:31:04,640 --> 02:31:07,726 [Gray] Mr. Garrison, given that we on the board have all read the letter, 2663 02:31:07,809 --> 02:31:10,145 wouldn't it be better to have it in the record? 2664 02:31:10,229 --> 02:31:11,772 Let's proceed. 2665 02:31:13,690 --> 02:31:15,317 [Borden] "Dear Mr. Hoover, 2666 02:31:15,400 --> 02:31:18,445 the purpose of this letter is to state my opinion 2667 02:31:18,528 --> 02:31:22,699 based upon years of study of the available classified evidence, 2668 02:31:22,783 --> 02:31:24,785 that more probably than not 2669 02:31:24,868 --> 02:31:29,706 J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union. 2670 02:31:29,790 --> 02:31:32,209 The following conclusions are justified. 2671 02:31:32,292 --> 02:31:36,630 One, between 1929 and 1942, more probably than not, 2672 02:31:36,713 --> 02:31:40,550 J. Robert Oppenheimer was a sufficiently hardened communist, 2673 02:31:40,634 --> 02:31:43,011 that he volunteered information to the Soviets. 2674 02:31:43,095 --> 02:31:45,430 Two, more probably than not, 2675 02:31:45,514 --> 02:31:49,142 he has since been functioning as an espionage agent. 2676 02:31:49,810 --> 02:31:52,312 Three, more probably than not, 2677 02:31:52,396 --> 02:31:54,982 he has since acted under a Soviet directive 2678 02:31:55,065 --> 02:31:57,859 in influencing United States military policy"... 2679 02:31:57,943 --> 02:32:00,195 -I'm sorry, Robert. -..."atomic energy, intelligence"... 2680 02:32:00,279 --> 02:32:05,158 Is anyone ever going to tell the truth about what's happening here? 2681 02:32:05,242 --> 02:32:08,078 [chairman] We will now hear from Dr. David Hill. 2682 02:32:08,161 --> 02:32:09,579 [shutters clicking] 2683 02:32:14,835 --> 02:32:15,836 [shutter clicks] 2684 02:32:18,380 --> 02:32:21,383 Dr. Hill, would you care to make a statement? 2685 02:32:23,385 --> 02:32:24,386 Thank you. 2686 02:32:24,469 --> 02:32:28,473 I've been asked to testify about Lewis Strauss. 2687 02:32:28,557 --> 02:32:33,812 A man who has given years of service in high positions of government 2688 02:32:33,895 --> 02:32:38,650 and who is known to be earnest, hardworking and intelligent. 2689 02:32:39,818 --> 02:32:42,321 The views I have to express are my own, 2690 02:32:42,404 --> 02:32:45,157 but I believe that much I have to say will help to indicate 2691 02:32:45,240 --> 02:32:48,702 why most of the scientists in this country 2692 02:32:48,785 --> 02:32:53,582 would prefer to see Mr. Strauss completely out of government. 2693 02:32:53,665 --> 02:32:55,667 [gallery murmuring] 2694 02:32:55,751 --> 02:32:59,671 You're referring to the hostility of certain scientists 2695 02:32:59,755 --> 02:33:03,467 directed toward Mr. Strauss because of his commitment to security, 2696 02:33:03,550 --> 02:33:06,261 as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair? 2697 02:33:08,722 --> 02:33:09,723 No. 2698 02:33:10,515 --> 02:33:15,062 Because of the personal vindictiveness he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2699 02:33:15,145 --> 02:33:16,730 [murmuring intensifies] 2700 02:33:16,813 --> 02:33:18,690 -[chairman] Order. -[gavel rapping] 2701 02:33:18,774 --> 02:33:20,025 Order. 2702 02:33:20,609 --> 02:33:24,112 It appears to most scientists around this country 2703 02:33:25,405 --> 02:33:28,241 that Robert Oppenheimer is now being pilloried 2704 02:33:28,325 --> 02:33:32,746 and put through an ordeal because he expressed his honest opinions. 2705 02:33:32,829 --> 02:33:36,041 Dr. Bush, I thought I was performing a service to my country 2706 02:33:36,124 --> 02:33:37,250 when hearing this case. 2707 02:33:37,334 --> 02:33:41,838 No board in this country should sit in judgment of a man 2708 02:33:41,922 --> 02:33:44,007 because he expressed strong opinions. 2709 02:33:44,091 --> 02:33:46,760 If you wanna try that case, you should try me. 2710 02:33:47,260 --> 02:33:50,472 Excuse me, gentlemen, if I become stirred. 2711 02:33:51,348 --> 02:33:52,349 But I am. 2712 02:33:52,933 --> 02:33:56,812 Dr. Hill, we've already heard that Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges, 2713 02:33:56,895 --> 02:33:59,856 or participate in the hearings against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2714 02:33:59,940 --> 02:34:04,611 The Oppenheimer matter was initiated and carried through 2715 02:34:04,694 --> 02:34:07,155 largely through the animus of Lewis Strauss. 2716 02:34:07,239 --> 02:34:08,615 [gallery murmuring] 2717 02:34:08,698 --> 02:34:11,576 Oppenheimer made mincemeat out of Strauss's position 2718 02:34:11,660 --> 02:34:13,703 on the shipment of isotopes to Norway, 2719 02:34:13,787 --> 02:34:17,290 and Strauss never forgave him this public humiliation. 2720 02:34:17,958 --> 02:34:21,211 Another controversy between them centered around their differences in judgment 2721 02:34:21,294 --> 02:34:24,381 on how the H-bomb would contribute to national security. 2722 02:34:24,464 --> 02:34:26,925 Strauss turned to the personnel security system 2723 02:34:27,008 --> 02:34:30,595 in order to destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness. 2724 02:34:30,679 --> 02:34:33,557 And Strauss was able to find a few ambitious men 2725 02:34:33,640 --> 02:34:36,393 who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's positions 2726 02:34:36,476 --> 02:34:39,855 and envied him his prestige in government circles. 2727 02:34:39,938 --> 02:34:44,025 I've always assumed, and still assume, that he's loyal to the United States. 2728 02:34:44,651 --> 02:34:45,652 I believe this. 2729 02:34:45,735 --> 02:34:49,156 And I shall believe it until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 2730 02:34:49,239 --> 02:34:52,951 Do you, or do you not, believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 2731 02:34:56,830 --> 02:34:58,123 In a great number of cases, 2732 02:34:58,206 --> 02:35:01,543 I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way which was, to me, 2733 02:35:01,626 --> 02:35:03,545 exceedingly hard to understand. 2734 02:35:03,628 --> 02:35:06,214 I thoroughly disagreed with him in numerous issues, 2735 02:35:06,298 --> 02:35:09,718 and his actions, frankly, appeared to me confused and complicated. 2736 02:35:09,801 --> 02:35:11,511 To this extent, I feel, 2737 02:35:11,595 --> 02:35:14,556 I want to see the vital interests of this country 2738 02:35:14,639 --> 02:35:16,725 in hands which I understand better, 2739 02:35:16,808 --> 02:35:18,643 and therefore trust more. 2740 02:35:19,478 --> 02:35:21,229 -Thank you, Doctor. -[Robb] Thank you. 2741 02:35:24,983 --> 02:35:26,067 I'm sorry. 2742 02:35:28,862 --> 02:35:31,114 [Kitty] You shook his fucking hand? 2743 02:35:31,990 --> 02:35:33,992 Oh, I would have spit in his face. 2744 02:35:34,075 --> 02:35:35,994 Not sure the board would have appreciated that. 2745 02:35:36,077 --> 02:35:37,954 Is it not gentlemanly enough for you? 2746 02:35:38,038 --> 02:35:40,624 I think you're all being too goddamn gentlemanly. 2747 02:35:40,707 --> 02:35:42,626 Gray must see what Robb is doing. 2748 02:35:42,709 --> 02:35:44,544 Why doesn't he just shut him down? 2749 02:35:44,628 --> 02:35:47,214 And you shaking Teller's hand. 2750 02:35:47,297 --> 02:35:50,342 You need to stop playing the martyr. 2751 02:35:51,134 --> 02:35:56,097 Under the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 2752 02:36:02,103 --> 02:36:06,650 Under my interpretation of the Atomic Energy Act, 2753 02:36:06,733 --> 02:36:11,321 which did not exist when I hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942, 2754 02:36:12,614 --> 02:36:18,119 I would not clear him today if I were on the commission. 2755 02:36:18,203 --> 02:36:19,746 [Robb] Good, thank you, General, that is all. 2756 02:36:19,829 --> 02:36:22,332 But I don't think I'd clear any of those guys. 2757 02:36:22,415 --> 02:36:23,416 That's all. 2758 02:36:26,503 --> 02:36:28,630 [Garrison] Dr. Oppenheimer had no responsibility 2759 02:36:28,713 --> 02:36:31,216 in the selection or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he? 2760 02:36:31,299 --> 02:36:32,551 No. None at all. 2761 02:36:32,634 --> 02:36:35,804 And you wouldn't want to leave this board with any suggestion today 2762 02:36:35,887 --> 02:36:39,015 that you're here questioning his basic loyalty to the United States 2763 02:36:39,099 --> 02:36:40,600 and the operation of Los Alamos. 2764 02:36:40,684 --> 02:36:42,018 By no means. 2765 02:36:42,102 --> 02:36:45,021 I hope I didn't lead anyone to believe otherwise for an instant. 2766 02:36:46,314 --> 02:36:47,524 [Gray] Thank you, General. 2767 02:36:56,908 --> 02:36:58,618 [door opens] 2768 02:37:05,041 --> 02:37:07,168 Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting. 2769 02:37:07,252 --> 02:37:08,253 She'll be here. 2770 02:37:08,753 --> 02:37:10,046 Do you even want her here? 2771 02:37:10,630 --> 02:37:12,549 Only a fool or an adolescent 2772 02:37:12,632 --> 02:37:14,676 presumes to know someone else's relationship, 2773 02:37:14,759 --> 02:37:16,678 and you're neither, Lloyd. 2774 02:37:16,761 --> 02:37:18,346 -[door opens] -[footsteps approaching] 2775 02:37:19,389 --> 02:37:22,142 Kitty and I, we're grown-ups. 2776 02:37:23,226 --> 02:37:25,312 We've walked through fire together. 2777 02:37:25,895 --> 02:37:27,147 She'll do fine. 2778 02:37:28,064 --> 02:37:32,235 [Garrison] Would you describe your views on communism as pro, anti, neutral? 2779 02:37:32,319 --> 02:37:33,403 [Kitty] Very strongly against. 2780 02:37:33,486 --> 02:37:38,033 I've had nothing to do with communism since 1936, since... 2781 02:37:39,159 --> 02:37:40,994 since before I met Robert. 2782 02:37:42,787 --> 02:37:43,913 That's all. 2783 02:37:44,998 --> 02:37:46,750 [Hill] The record demonstrates that Oppenheimer 2784 02:37:46,833 --> 02:37:50,045 was not interrogated by impartial and disinterested counsel 2785 02:37:50,128 --> 02:37:51,129 for the Gray board. 2786 02:37:51,212 --> 02:37:53,048 He was interrogated by a prosecutor 2787 02:37:53,131 --> 02:37:55,842 who used all the tricks of a rather ingenious legal background. 2788 02:37:55,925 --> 02:38:00,263 You are charging now that the Gray board permitted a prosecution. 2789 02:38:01,014 --> 02:38:03,099 If I were on the Gray board, 2790 02:38:03,183 --> 02:38:06,519 I would have protested against the tactics of the man who served, in fact, 2791 02:38:06,603 --> 02:38:08,063 as the prosecuting counsel. 2792 02:38:08,146 --> 02:38:09,981 A man appointed, not by the board... 2793 02:38:11,274 --> 02:38:12,567 but by Lewis Strauss. 2794 02:38:13,443 --> 02:38:14,694 [gallery murmuring] 2795 02:38:15,320 --> 02:38:16,279 Who was this? 2796 02:38:17,906 --> 02:38:19,574 I'm sorry? 2797 02:38:19,658 --> 02:38:20,825 [McGee] Who was this? 2798 02:38:20,909 --> 02:38:22,160 Uh, Roger Robb. 2799 02:38:22,827 --> 02:38:24,162 Mrs. Oppenheimer. 2800 02:38:28,667 --> 02:38:30,835 Did you have a Communist Party membership card? 2801 02:38:32,671 --> 02:38:33,838 I'm-- 2802 02:38:33,922 --> 02:38:34,923 I'm not sure. 2803 02:38:35,006 --> 02:38:36,216 Not sure? 2804 02:38:38,927 --> 02:38:40,053 Well-- 2805 02:38:43,098 --> 02:38:44,099 Well? 2806 02:38:53,358 --> 02:38:56,361 I mean, presumably, the act of joining the Party 2807 02:38:56,444 --> 02:38:59,656 required sending some money and receiving a card, no? 2808 02:39:02,617 --> 02:39:03,618 Yeah. 2809 02:39:07,372 --> 02:39:08,915 [sighs] 2810 02:39:09,666 --> 02:39:10,834 Sorry. 2811 02:39:11,876 --> 02:39:13,211 [Robb] Yeah. 2812 02:39:15,255 --> 02:39:18,591 It's just it was all so very long ago, Mr. Robb, wasn't it? 2813 02:39:18,675 --> 02:39:20,301 -Not really. -Long enough to have forgotten. 2814 02:39:20,385 --> 02:39:23,513 -Did you return the card or rip it up? -The card whose existence I've forgotten? 2815 02:39:23,596 --> 02:39:26,558 -Your Communist Party membership card. -Haven't the slightest idea. 2816 02:39:29,394 --> 02:39:33,815 Can a distinction be made between Soviet communism and communism? 2817 02:39:33,898 --> 02:39:37,026 In the days when I was a member, I thought they were definitely two things. 2818 02:39:37,110 --> 02:39:40,155 I thought that the Communist Party of the United States 2819 02:39:40,238 --> 02:39:42,699 was concerned with our domestic problems. 2820 02:39:42,782 --> 02:39:43,950 I now no longer believe this. 2821 02:39:44,033 --> 02:39:46,536 I believe the thing's linked together and spread all over the world, 2822 02:39:46,619 --> 02:39:50,331 and I have believed this since I left the Party, 16 years ago. 2823 02:39:50,415 --> 02:39:52,917 -But-- -17 years ago. My mistake. 2824 02:39:53,501 --> 02:39:54,919 -But you sai-- -Sorry, 18. 2825 02:39:56,337 --> 02:39:57,630 18 years ago. 2826 02:39:58,882 --> 02:40:01,760 Are you familiar with the fact your husband was making contributions 2827 02:40:01,843 --> 02:40:04,012 to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942? 2828 02:40:04,095 --> 02:40:06,389 I knew that Robert gave money from time to time. 2829 02:40:06,473 --> 02:40:08,933 Did you know this money was going into Communist Party channels? 2830 02:40:09,017 --> 02:40:11,060 -Don't you mean "through"? -Pardon? 2831 02:40:11,144 --> 02:40:13,646 I think you mean "through Communist Party channels," don't you? 2832 02:40:13,730 --> 02:40:15,315 -Yes! -Yes? 2833 02:40:15,398 --> 02:40:17,442 -Yes! -Yes. 2834 02:40:17,525 --> 02:40:20,528 Then would it be fair to say that this meant that by 1942, 2835 02:40:20,612 --> 02:40:24,491 your husband had not stopped having anything to do with the Communist Party? 2836 02:40:24,574 --> 02:40:27,577 You don't have to answer that yes or no. You can answer that any way you wish. 2837 02:40:27,660 --> 02:40:29,370 I know that, thank you. 2838 02:40:29,454 --> 02:40:31,206 It's your question. 2839 02:40:31,289 --> 02:40:32,749 It's not properly phrased. 2840 02:40:32,832 --> 02:40:34,501 -Do you understand what I'm getting at? -I do. 2841 02:40:34,584 --> 02:40:37,545 -Then why don't you answer it that way? -'Cause I don't like your phrase. 2842 02:40:37,629 --> 02:40:39,464 "Having anything to do with the Communist Party." 2843 02:40:39,547 --> 02:40:42,675 Because Robert never had anything to do with the Communist Party as such. 2844 02:40:42,759 --> 02:40:45,094 I know he gave money to Spanish refugees. 2845 02:40:45,178 --> 02:40:48,348 I know he took an intellectual interest in communist ideas-- 2846 02:40:48,431 --> 02:40:50,183 Are there two types of communists? 2847 02:40:50,266 --> 02:40:52,977 Intellectual communists and your plain, old, regular commie? 2848 02:40:53,061 --> 02:40:54,187 [laughs] 2849 02:40:54,270 --> 02:40:55,897 Well, I couldn't answer that one. 2850 02:40:55,980 --> 02:40:58,525 [Evans chuckles] I couldn't either. 2851 02:41:05,448 --> 02:41:06,699 Good evening. 2852 02:41:06,783 --> 02:41:08,117 Robert, you can't win this thing. 2853 02:41:08,201 --> 02:41:10,495 It's a kangaroo court with a predetermined outcome. 2854 02:41:10,578 --> 02:41:14,499 -Why put yourself through more of it? -I have my reasons. 2855 02:41:16,000 --> 02:41:17,168 All right. 2856 02:41:17,252 --> 02:41:18,461 Good night. 2857 02:41:18,545 --> 02:41:19,796 [car door closes] 2858 02:41:23,174 --> 02:41:24,509 He has a point. 2859 02:41:25,760 --> 02:41:27,595 I'm not sure you understand, Albert. 2860 02:41:27,679 --> 02:41:28,721 No? 2861 02:41:29,305 --> 02:41:31,933 I left my country never to return. 2862 02:41:32,892 --> 02:41:34,978 You served your country well. 2863 02:41:35,061 --> 02:41:37,939 If this is the reward she offers you, then... 2864 02:41:38,898 --> 02:41:41,234 perhaps you should turn your back on her. 2865 02:41:42,277 --> 02:41:44,320 Damn it, I happen to love this country. 2866 02:41:45,113 --> 02:41:47,407 Then tell them to go to hell. 2867 02:41:47,490 --> 02:41:48,950 Interestingly enough, 2868 02:41:49,033 --> 02:41:51,452 this is no longer a confirmation hearing, 2869 02:41:51,536 --> 02:41:54,330 it's now a trial about a trial! 2870 02:41:56,124 --> 02:41:59,043 It's not good he's telling everyone you initiated the hearings. 2871 02:41:59,127 --> 02:42:01,170 He can't prove a goddamn thing. 2872 02:42:01,254 --> 02:42:04,757 He certainly can't prove that I gave the file to Borden. 2873 02:42:04,841 --> 02:42:07,886 We're not in court, sir. There's no burden of proof. 2874 02:42:07,969 --> 02:42:09,679 Right. They're not convicting... 2875 02:42:10,597 --> 02:42:11,598 just denying. 2876 02:42:12,515 --> 02:42:15,435 But why would Hill come here to tear me down? What's his angle? 2877 02:42:15,518 --> 02:42:18,313 Do people need a reason to do the right thing? 2878 02:42:18,396 --> 02:42:19,314 As he sees it. 2879 02:42:19,397 --> 02:42:22,692 I told you, Oppenheimer poisoned the scientists against me, 2880 02:42:22,775 --> 02:42:24,152 right from that first meeting. 2881 02:42:24,235 --> 02:42:27,238 I don't know what Oppenheimer said to him that day, 2882 02:42:27,322 --> 02:42:30,199 but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye. 2883 02:42:30,283 --> 02:42:31,618 [no audible dialogue] 2884 02:42:31,701 --> 02:42:34,537 [Strauss] Oppenheimer knows how to manipulate his own. 2885 02:42:34,621 --> 02:42:38,374 And at Los Alamos, he preyed on the naivete of scientists 2886 02:42:38,458 --> 02:42:40,627 who thought they'd get a say in how we used their work. 2887 02:42:40,710 --> 02:42:42,921 Don't ever think he was that naive himself. 2888 02:42:43,671 --> 02:42:45,048 [Robb] Doctor. 2889 02:42:45,131 --> 02:42:49,928 During your work on the hydrogen bomb, were you deterred by any moral qualms? 2890 02:42:50,762 --> 02:42:51,971 Yes, of course. 2891 02:42:52,055 --> 02:42:53,890 But you still got on with your work, didn't you? 2892 02:42:53,973 --> 02:42:58,144 Yes, because this was work of exploration. It was not the preparation of a weapon. 2893 02:42:58,227 --> 02:43:00,313 You mean it was more of an academic excursion? 2894 02:43:00,396 --> 02:43:03,399 No, it is not an academic thing whether you can build a hydrogen bomb. 2895 02:43:03,483 --> 02:43:04,692 It's a matter of life and death. 2896 02:43:04,776 --> 02:43:05,985 By 1942, 2897 02:43:06,069 --> 02:43:08,321 you were actively pushing the development of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you? 2898 02:43:08,404 --> 02:43:11,574 Pushing's not the right word. Supporting it and working on it, yes. 2899 02:43:11,658 --> 02:43:14,035 So when did these moral qualms become so strong 2900 02:43:14,118 --> 02:43:17,121 that you actively opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb? 2901 02:43:17,205 --> 02:43:19,958 When it was suggested that it be the policy of the United States 2902 02:43:20,041 --> 02:43:22,877 to make these things at all cost, without regard to the balance 2903 02:43:22,961 --> 02:43:26,464 between these weapons and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal. 2904 02:43:27,924 --> 02:43:30,009 What do moral qualms have to do with that? 2905 02:43:30,718 --> 02:43:33,554 -What do moral qualms have to do with it? -Yes. 2906 02:43:33,638 --> 02:43:35,723 Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb. 2907 02:43:35,807 --> 02:43:37,767 He wanted to be the man who moved the Earth. 2908 02:43:37,850 --> 02:43:42,313 He talks about putting the nuclear genie back in the bottle. 2909 02:43:42,397 --> 02:43:45,900 Well, I'm here to tell you that I know J. Robert Oppenheimer, 2910 02:43:45,984 --> 02:43:49,195 and if he could do it all over, he'd do it all the same. 2911 02:43:49,278 --> 02:43:52,991 You know he's never once said that he regrets Hiroshima? 2912 02:43:53,074 --> 02:43:55,827 He'd do it all over. Why? 2913 02:43:55,910 --> 02:43:59,706 Because it made him the most important man who ever lived. 2914 02:43:59,789 --> 02:44:03,543 [stammering] Well, we've freely used the atomic bomb-- 2915 02:44:03,626 --> 02:44:05,670 [Robb] In fact, Doctor, you assisted in selecting the target 2916 02:44:05,753 --> 02:44:07,922 to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, didn't you? 2917 02:44:08,006 --> 02:44:09,882 -Yes. -[Robb] Then you knew, did you not, 2918 02:44:09,966 --> 02:44:12,218 that by dropping that atomic bomb on the target you selected, 2919 02:44:12,301 --> 02:44:15,221 that thousands of civilians would be killed or injured, is that correct? 2920 02:44:15,304 --> 02:44:17,473 -Yes, not as many as turned out-- -[feet stamping] 2921 02:44:17,557 --> 02:44:20,059 Oh. Well, how many were killed or injured? 2922 02:44:20,143 --> 02:44:21,227 70,000. 2923 02:44:21,310 --> 02:44:22,687 70,000 at both Hiroshima and-- 2924 02:44:22,770 --> 02:44:24,522 110,000 at both. 2925 02:44:24,605 --> 02:44:26,190 [Robb] On the day of each bombing? 2926 02:44:27,734 --> 02:44:29,986 -Yes. -And in the weeks and years that followed? 2927 02:44:30,069 --> 02:44:33,322 It has been put at somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000. 2928 02:44:33,406 --> 02:44:35,491 -220,000 dead, at least. -[Oppenheimer] Yes. 2929 02:44:35,575 --> 02:44:37,118 Any moral scruples about that? 2930 02:44:39,037 --> 02:44:40,038 Terrible ones. 2931 02:44:40,121 --> 02:44:43,916 Yet you testified in here that the bombing of Hiroshima was very successful. 2932 02:44:44,000 --> 02:44:47,045 -Technically successful. -Oh! Technically, it was very successful. 2933 02:44:47,128 --> 02:44:49,505 And it is also alleged to have helped end the war. 2934 02:44:49,589 --> 02:44:52,675 Would you have been supportive of the dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima? 2935 02:44:52,759 --> 02:44:55,136 -That would make no sense at all. -Why? 2936 02:44:55,219 --> 02:44:57,055 [stammering] The target is too small. 2937 02:44:57,138 --> 02:44:59,640 Well, supposing there had been a target in Japan big enough 2938 02:44:59,724 --> 02:45:01,100 for a thermonuclear weapon, 2939 02:45:01,184 --> 02:45:02,727 would you have been opposed to the dropping of it? 2940 02:45:02,810 --> 02:45:04,520 This was not a problem with which I was confronted-- 2941 02:45:04,604 --> 02:45:06,064 I'm confronting you with it now, sir. 2942 02:45:06,147 --> 02:45:07,815 It was all part of his plan. 2943 02:45:07,899 --> 02:45:11,736 He wanted the glorious, insincere guilt of the self-important 2944 02:45:11,819 --> 02:45:13,780 to wear like a fucking crown. 2945 02:45:13,863 --> 02:45:19,368 Say, "No, we cannot go down this road," even as he knew we'd have to. 2946 02:45:19,452 --> 02:45:21,120 Would you have been opposed to the dropping 2947 02:45:21,204 --> 02:45:23,539 of a thermonuclear weapon on Japan because of moral scruples? 2948 02:45:23,623 --> 02:45:24,999 -Yes, I believe I would, sir. -[feet stamping] 2949 02:45:25,083 --> 02:45:26,084 Did you oppose the dropping 2950 02:45:26,167 --> 02:45:28,878 of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima because of moral scruples? 2951 02:45:28,961 --> 02:45:30,880 -We set forth our arg-- -No, you. 2952 02:45:30,963 --> 02:45:32,673 -I'm asking you. You! -I set-- 2953 02:45:32,757 --> 02:45:35,051 I set forth our arguments against dropping it, 2954 02:45:35,134 --> 02:45:36,844 -but I did not endorse them. -[stamping intensifies] 2955 02:45:36,928 --> 02:45:40,056 You mean after working night and day for three years building the bomb, 2956 02:45:40,139 --> 02:45:42,100 you then argued against the use of it. [laughs] 2957 02:45:42,183 --> 02:45:45,895 I was asked by the secretary of war what the views of scientists were. 2958 02:45:45,978 --> 02:45:48,189 I gave him the views against and the views for. 2959 02:45:48,272 --> 02:45:50,691 You supported the dropping of the atom bomb on Japan. 2960 02:45:50,775 --> 02:45:53,277 -What do you mean, "support"? -[Robb] You supported it. 2961 02:45:53,361 --> 02:45:55,822 -You helped pick the target, didn't you? -I did my job. 2962 02:45:55,905 --> 02:45:58,282 I was not in a policy-making position at Los Alamos. 2963 02:45:58,366 --> 02:46:00,326 I would have done anything I was asked to do. 2964 02:46:00,409 --> 02:46:02,829 Then you would have built the H-bomb too, wouldn't you? 2965 02:46:02,912 --> 02:46:04,956 -I couldn't. -I didn't ask you that, Doctor. 2966 02:46:05,039 --> 02:46:06,374 And the GAC report, 2967 02:46:06,457 --> 02:46:09,043 which you co-authored after the Soviet atomic test, 2968 02:46:09,127 --> 02:46:12,588 -said a Super bomb should never be built. -[stamping intensifies] 2969 02:46:12,672 --> 02:46:14,048 What we meant-- What I meant was-- 2970 02:46:14,132 --> 02:46:15,967 -What you? Who? Who? -What I meant-- 2971 02:46:17,885 --> 02:46:20,763 And wouldn't the Russians do anything to increase their strength? 2972 02:46:20,847 --> 02:46:23,391 -[stamping stops] -If we did it, they would have to do it. 2973 02:46:23,474 --> 02:46:27,728 Our efforts would only fuel their efforts, just as it had with the atomic bomb. 2974 02:46:27,812 --> 02:46:30,815 "Just as it had with the atomic bomb," exactly! 2975 02:46:31,524 --> 02:46:35,778 No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949. 2976 02:46:40,074 --> 02:46:41,242 [Gray] Dr. Oppenheimer... 2977 02:46:43,452 --> 02:46:46,205 when did your strong moral convictions develop 2978 02:46:46,289 --> 02:46:48,082 with respect to the hydrogen bomb? 2979 02:46:55,923 --> 02:46:57,758 When it became clear to me... 2980 02:46:59,218 --> 02:47:02,263 that we would tend to use any weapon we had. 2981 02:47:05,308 --> 02:47:07,518 [Strauss] J. Robert Oppenheimer the Martyr. 2982 02:47:07,602 --> 02:47:10,146 I gave him exactly what he wanted. 2983 02:47:10,730 --> 02:47:14,358 To be remembered for Trinity, not Hiroshima. 2984 02:47:15,109 --> 02:47:17,236 Not Nagasaki. 2985 02:47:20,198 --> 02:47:21,949 He should be thanking me. 2986 02:47:22,992 --> 02:47:24,285 Well, he's not. 2987 02:47:27,705 --> 02:47:29,123 Do we still have enough votes, 2988 02:47:29,207 --> 02:47:31,125 or is the crowning moment of my career 2989 02:47:31,209 --> 02:47:34,295 about to become the most public humiliation of my life? 2990 02:47:35,213 --> 02:47:38,841 Full Senate's about to vote. You'll scrape through. 2991 02:47:38,925 --> 02:47:40,509 Great, then gather the fucking press. 2992 02:47:41,093 --> 02:47:42,470 [Gray] Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2993 02:47:42,553 --> 02:47:45,556 This board, having heard testimony from you 2994 02:47:45,640 --> 02:47:48,851 and many of your current and former colleagues, 2995 02:47:48,935 --> 02:47:53,022 has come to the unanimous conclusion that you are a loyal citizen. Server error 502. Retrying 1/3... 2996 02:47:55,274 --> 02:48:00,488 However, in the light of your continuing associations 2997 02:48:00,571 --> 02:48:04,033 and disregard for the security apparatus of this country, 2998 02:48:04,116 --> 02:48:07,578 together with your somewhat disturbing conduct 2999 02:48:07,662 --> 02:48:09,580 on the hydrogen bomb program, 3000 02:48:09,664 --> 02:48:11,332 and the regrettable lack of candor 3001 02:48:11,415 --> 02:48:14,293 in certain of your responses to this board, 3002 02:48:14,377 --> 02:48:17,213 we have voted two-to-one 3003 02:48:17,296 --> 02:48:20,341 to deny the renewal of your security clearance. 3004 02:48:20,424 --> 02:48:23,386 A full written opinion, with a dissent from Mr. Evans, 3005 02:48:23,469 --> 02:48:26,639 will be issued to the AEC in the coming days. 3006 02:48:26,722 --> 02:48:27,932 That is all. 3007 02:48:32,353 --> 02:48:33,854 Gordon. 3008 02:48:33,938 --> 02:48:35,481 [indistinct] 3009 02:48:38,651 --> 02:48:40,152 [Kitty on phone] Robert. 3010 02:48:40,987 --> 02:48:42,029 Robert. 3011 02:48:45,157 --> 02:48:46,450 Don't, uh... 3012 02:48:49,287 --> 02:48:50,788 Don't take in the sheets. 3013 02:48:52,415 --> 02:48:54,333 [reporters clamoring] 3014 02:48:56,210 --> 02:48:58,254 -[reporter] Sir. -[Senate aide] Two minutes. Two minutes. 3015 02:48:58,337 --> 02:49:00,172 You'll get your shot. 3016 02:49:00,881 --> 02:49:02,466 [clamoring continues] 3017 02:49:03,884 --> 02:49:05,052 [Strauss] Is it official? 3018 02:49:07,346 --> 02:49:11,058 [Senate aide] Well, there were a couple of unexpected holdouts. 3019 02:49:16,314 --> 02:49:18,357 I'm denied. Yeah? 3020 02:49:19,150 --> 02:49:20,818 -I'm afraid so, sir. -All right. 3021 02:49:28,492 --> 02:49:29,660 Who were the holdouts? 3022 02:49:29,744 --> 02:49:32,538 Um... There were three, 3023 02:49:32,621 --> 02:49:35,041 led by the junior senator from Massachusetts. 3024 02:49:35,124 --> 02:49:37,251 Young guy trying to make a name for himself, 3025 02:49:37,335 --> 02:49:39,587 didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer. 3026 02:49:39,670 --> 02:49:40,671 What's his name? 3027 02:49:41,589 --> 02:49:44,675 Uh, Kennedy. John F. Kennedy. 3028 02:49:48,512 --> 02:49:49,680 Kitty? 3029 02:49:55,936 --> 02:49:59,315 Did you think that if you let them tar and feather you, 3030 02:49:59,398 --> 02:50:01,525 that the world would forgive you? 3031 02:50:05,404 --> 02:50:06,906 It won't. 3032 02:50:09,241 --> 02:50:10,451 We'll see. 3033 02:50:20,503 --> 02:50:21,962 Goddamn it. 3034 02:50:23,839 --> 02:50:24,882 [muttering] 3035 02:50:24,965 --> 02:50:26,884 You told me I'd be okay. 3036 02:50:26,967 --> 02:50:29,261 Yeah, well, I didn't have all the facts, did I? 3037 02:50:29,345 --> 02:50:30,388 Here's a fact. 3038 02:50:30,471 --> 02:50:32,640 President Eisenhower pinned the Medal of Freedom 3039 02:50:32,723 --> 02:50:34,141 on my chest last year, 3040 02:50:34,225 --> 02:50:36,685 'cause I've always done what's right for this country. 3041 02:50:36,769 --> 02:50:39,063 They don't want me in the Cabinet room? 3042 02:50:39,146 --> 02:50:41,607 Oh, that's-- That's fine. 3043 02:50:41,690 --> 02:50:43,984 Maybe they should just invite Oppenheimer instead. 3044 02:50:44,068 --> 02:50:45,986 Maybe they will. 3045 02:50:46,070 --> 02:50:49,990 I told you, he turned the scientists against me one by one, 3046 02:50:50,074 --> 02:50:51,242 starting with Einstein. 3047 02:50:51,325 --> 02:50:53,702 I told you about Einstein. I saw him by the pond. 3048 02:50:53,786 --> 02:50:55,121 You did, but you know, sir, 3049 02:50:55,204 --> 02:50:59,083 since nobody really knows what they said to each other that day, 3050 02:50:59,166 --> 02:51:02,711 is it possible they didn't talk about you at all? 3051 02:51:02,795 --> 02:51:05,047 Is it possible they spoke about something... 3052 02:51:06,215 --> 02:51:07,633 more important? 3053 02:51:07,716 --> 02:51:09,593 -[reporter] Mr. Strauss! -[all clamoring] 3054 02:51:09,677 --> 02:51:11,220 [camera shutters clicking] 3055 02:51:18,477 --> 02:51:20,187 Oh! [chuckles] 3056 02:51:22,565 --> 02:51:23,732 Thank you. [chuckles] 3057 02:51:23,816 --> 02:51:25,192 Albert. 3058 02:51:26,444 --> 02:51:28,404 -Ah... -[clears throat] 3059 02:51:28,487 --> 02:51:30,030 The man of the moment. 3060 02:51:34,118 --> 02:51:37,371 You once held a reception for me. 3061 02:51:37,455 --> 02:51:40,875 -In Berkeley. You gave me an award, mmm? -Yes. 3062 02:51:41,750 --> 02:51:45,171 You all thought that I had lost the ability to understand 3063 02:51:45,254 --> 02:51:47,089 what I'd started. 3064 02:51:47,173 --> 02:51:50,718 So, the award really wasn't for me. 3065 02:51:50,801 --> 02:51:53,137 It was for all of you, hmm? 3066 02:51:54,889 --> 02:51:56,265 Now it's your turn 3067 02:51:57,099 --> 02:52:01,520 to deal with the consequences of your achievement. 3068 02:52:02,688 --> 02:52:04,231 And one day, 3069 02:52:04,315 --> 02:52:06,317 when they've punished you enough... 3070 02:52:08,277 --> 02:52:11,822 they'll serve you salmon and potato salad. 3071 02:52:16,285 --> 02:52:17,453 Make speeches... 3072 02:52:17,536 --> 02:52:19,205 [no audible dialogue] 3073 02:52:19,288 --> 02:52:20,748 ...give you a medal. 3074 02:52:22,750 --> 02:52:24,168 Hello, Frank. 3075 02:52:24,251 --> 02:52:25,586 You're happy, I'm happy. 3076 02:52:32,843 --> 02:52:35,513 [Einstein] Pat you on the back, tell you all is forgiven. 3077 02:52:37,389 --> 02:52:38,390 Just remember... 3078 02:52:40,309 --> 02:52:42,102 it won't be for you. 3079 02:52:47,316 --> 02:52:48,651 It'll be for them. 3080 02:53:02,164 --> 02:53:03,457 Albert. 3081 02:53:05,209 --> 02:53:08,587 When I came to you with those calculations, 3082 02:53:08,671 --> 02:53:12,383 we thought we might start a chain reaction that would 3083 02:53:12,466 --> 02:53:14,301 destroy the entire world? 3084 02:53:15,219 --> 02:53:18,764 Mmm. I remember it well. What of it? 3085 02:53:22,726 --> 02:53:24,270 I believe we did. 3086 02:53:27,439 --> 02:53:28,816 [feet stamping] 3087 02:53:36,949 --> 02:53:38,867 [stamping continues]